fix(cash): correct branch-day reconciliation, voucher classification and duplicate posting bugs

BranchDayRegisterApiResource:
- Make openDay/closeDay transactional and add an atomic closed_at guard so a
  double-close or a mid-write failure cannot leave the register half-updated.
- Fix bookBreakdown()'s slip/closure withdrawal queries: m_clerk_withdrawal_request
  and m_clerk_closure_request store cashier_id as an appuser id in some registers
  and an m_cashiers id in others; try both via a dual EXISTS instead of assuming
  one, which was silently dropping real withdrawals from expected cash and
  producing a false "Short" on close.
- Office-scope vault-in/settled-out and close-preview queries so a multi-office
  tenant's close no longer mixes another branch's cash into this one's.
- closeDay requires closingCash and uses DateUtils.getBusinessLocalDate() for
  late-close detection instead of the server's own LocalDate.now().
- saveDenominationDetail() now deletes any prior snapshot for the same
  register/leg/teller before inserting, so a repeated save no longer sums
  duplicate denomination rows into the vault position.
- resolveOffice() enforces office-hierarchy authorization via
  PlatformSecurityContext.validateAccessRights().

CashReconciliationApiResource / CashReportApiResource / DenominationBreakdownWriter:
- Add a MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID filter (consistent with the existing cash report
  guard) so a fabricated/oversized transaction id can no longer distort a
  cashier's expected or counted position.
- Tolerate sub-rupee (paisa) rounding differences instead of requiring an exact
  amount match — Indian cash has no paisa coins, so exact-equality was
  rejecting correctly-counted cash.
- CashReconciliationApiResource now trusts its own server-computed expected
  count rather than the client-submitted one when recording a reconciliation.

VaultPositionService:
- Only fall back to the branch-total OPENING leg when the office has exactly
  one teller; a multi-teller branch was getting one teller's vault entry
  applied to all of them.

CashSettlementApiResource / CashInterCashierApiResource / CashExchangeApiResource:
- Make settlement creation transactional; add a partial unique index
  (0540) blocking two active settlements for the same cashier/day, closing a
  double-submit race the application-level count check alone could not.
- Validate a cash transfer against the sending cashier's actual denomination
  holdings and require both cashiers to be in the same office.
- Default cash exchange date to the business date instead of null, and add the
  missing CREATE/REVERSE permission checks (0539 seeds them).

CashierDepositRequestApiResource:
- Namespace pending-deposit denomination rows with a +500,000,000 offset so
  they cannot collide with real transaction ids during approve/reject.

ClerkDisbursementRequestApiResource (Disbursement/Collection/Fund Transfer/Bank
Transfer register):
- executeSavingsWithdrawal() was missing the withOwnVoucher() suppression its
  sibling methods already had, so every Collection-mode approval raised a
  second, orphaned voucher for the same money on top of the request's own —
  double-counting the figure in Received and Payments on My Vouchers.
- Voucher numbering no longer hard-codes CR/DR by money direction. It now
  checks whether the payment type the clerk actually selected is cash
  (m_payment_type.is_cash_payment) and numbers into the Journal series when it
  is not, since a Transfer/Cheque/DD instrument never crosses the counter
  regardless of which GL it posts against. Bank Transfer vouchers (always
  account-to-account, never cash) are now unconditionally Journal too.
- The voucher's TYPE column stopped being hard-coded to "DISBURSEMENT" for
  every request this register raises; it now stores the clerk's own request
  type (Disbursement/Collection/Fund Transfer/Bank Transfer) so My Vouchers
  shows what was actually submitted.

VoucherVerificationApiResource (/my-work):
- Classify a voucher's side (Received/Payment/Journal) by whether either of
  its lines actually touches the till (Cash in Hand or a cash-at-vault/teller
  GL), the same test the register listing already uses, instead of trusting
  the voucher number's own CR/DR prefix at face value. A Collection or
  Disbursement posted against a plain GL (no cash involved) was being counted
  as real cash received/paid; it now reads as Journal, matching what actually
  happened at the counter. Existing CR/DR requests with no lines yet are left
  alone, since there is nothing to test the till against.

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/branchday/api/BranchDayRegisterApiResource.java

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import org.apache.fineract.portfolio.cashreport.service.VaultPositionService;
 import org.apache.fineract.useradministration.domain.AppUser;
 import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
 /**
  * Branch day register — the formal opening and closing of a branch's business day.
@@ -70,6 +71,13 @@ public class BranchDayRegisterApiResource {
     private final VaultPositionService vaultPositionService;
     private final Gson gson = new Gson();
 
+    // Mirrors CashReportApiResource.MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID: a genuine m_savings_account_transaction id
+    // is always small. Some cashier-GL deposit legs stamp a synthetic, implausibly large txn_id (a
+    // millisecond timestamp, decoded back out of hex) that never links to a real transaction and is
+    // never corrected -- without this same filter here, the close-preview's counted-in/counted-out
+    // figures would include that phantom amount, on top of the real cash the branch actually counted.
+    private static final long MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID = 1_000_000_000_000L;
+
     // ── GET /v1/branchday ── the register itself ──────────────────────────────
 
     /**
@@ -183,14 +191,33 @@ public class BranchDayRegisterApiResource {
 
         // What the cashier's own denomination entries add up to for the day. Where this and the
         // expected figure agree, the day tallies and the closing figure is not in question.
+        // Scoped to this office through the officer who took the cash (appuser -> staff -> cashier ->
+        // teller -> office). Unscoped, a branch's own "does the physical count agree with the books"
+        // cross-check was being compared against every branch's counted cash at once, which makes it
+        // wrong at every office but the first. A row whose officer maps to no cashier is still
+        // counted, for the same reason as the withdrawal legs in bookBreakdown.
         final BigDecimal countedIn = zero(jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("""
-                SELECT COALESCE(SUM(total_amount), 0) FROM m_savings_txn_denomination
+                SELECT COALESCE(SUM(std.total_amount), 0) FROM m_savings_txn_denomination std
-                 WHERE txn_date = ? AND txn_type = 'DEPOSIT'
+                 WHERE std.txn_date = ? AND std.txn_type = 'DEPOSIT'
-                """, BigDecimal.class, Date.valueOf(businessDate)));
+                   AND (std.txn_id IS NULL OR std.txn_id < ?)
+                   AND (std.officer_id IS NULL
+                        OR NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM m_appuser au JOIN m_cashiers c ON c.staff_id = au.staff_id
+                                        WHERE au.id = std.officer_id)
+                        OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM m_appuser au JOIN m_cashiers c ON c.staff_id = au.staff_id
+                                     JOIN m_tellers t ON t.id = c.teller_id
+                                    WHERE au.id = std.officer_id AND t.office_id = ?))
+                """, BigDecimal.class, Date.valueOf(businessDate), MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID, officeId));
         final BigDecimal countedOut = zero(jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("""
-                SELECT COALESCE(SUM(total_amount), 0) FROM m_savings_txn_denomination
+                SELECT COALESCE(SUM(std.total_amount), 0) FROM m_savings_txn_denomination std
-                 WHERE txn_date = ? AND txn_type = 'WITHDRAWAL'
+                 WHERE std.txn_date = ? AND std.txn_type = 'WITHDRAWAL'
-                """, BigDecimal.class, Date.valueOf(businessDate)));
+                   AND (std.txn_id IS NULL OR std.txn_id < ?)
+                   AND (std.officer_id IS NULL
+                        OR NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM m_appuser au JOIN m_cashiers c ON c.staff_id = au.staff_id
+                                        WHERE au.id = std.officer_id)
+                        OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM m_appuser au JOIN m_cashiers c ON c.staff_id = au.staff_id
+                                     JOIN m_tellers t ON t.id = c.teller_id
+                                    WHERE au.id = std.officer_id AND t.office_id = ?))
+                """, BigDecimal.class, Date.valueOf(businessDate), MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID, officeId));
         result.put("denominationIn", countedIn);
         result.put("denominationOut", countedOut);
 
@@ -199,9 +226,15 @@ public class BranchDayRegisterApiResource {
 
     // ── POST /v1/branchday/open ───────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+    // Transactional because opening a day is three separate writes -- the register row, its
+    // branch-total OPENING breakdown, and each teller's carried-forward OPENING_VAULT -- and a
+    // failure part-way through used to commit whatever had already run. A register left open with no
+    // OPENING_VAULT is not a cosmetic gap: the next close's carry-forward reaches past it to an older
+    // register instead, and the vault's opening balance silently regresses to a stale figure.
     @POST
     @Path("open")
     @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+    @Transactional
     public String openDay(final String body) {
         final AppUser currentUser = this.context.authenticatedUser();
         requireDayAuthority(currentUser);
@@ -461,9 +494,15 @@ public class BranchDayRegisterApiResource {
 
     // ── POST /v1/branchday/close ──────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+    // Transactional for the same reason as openDay: the register UPDATE, the branch-total CLOSING
+    // breakdown and each teller's CLOSING_VAULT snapshot are separate writes. This database still
+    // carries the evidence of them committing independently -- a register whose closed_at stayed
+    // NULL while an orphaned CLOSING_VAULT snapshot survived, which later got summed alongside a
+    // second snapshot and doubled a vault's carried-forward opening balance.
     @POST
     @Path("close")
     @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+    @Transactional
     public String closeDay(final String body) {
         final AppUser currentUser = this.context.authenticatedUser();
         requireDayAuthority(currentUser);
@@ -481,6 +520,16 @@ public class BranchDayRegisterApiResource {
         // counted note-by-note wins over a typed-in total.
         final BigDecimal closingCash = denominationTotal != null ? denominationTotal
                 : this.fromJsonHelper.extractBigDecimalWithLocaleNamed("closingCash", root);
+        // A close needs a figure. Without one the row commits with closing_cash and cash_difference
+        // NULL, and every carry-forward lookup keys on "closing_cash IS NOT NULL" -- so the next open
+        // skips this register entirely and resurrects the day-before's note-for-note breakdown as
+        // tomorrow's opening cash, with no difference to explain and nothing on screen to suggest the
+        // chain broke. The UI always sends one; this endpoint is directly reachable and did not check.
+        if (closingCash == null) {
+            throw new PlatformDataIntegrityException("error.msg.branchday.closing.cash.required",
+                    "Record what was counted before closing business day " + businessDate
+                            + " -- either a closing figure or a denomination breakdown.");
+        }
         final String remarks = this.fromJsonHelper.extractStringNamed("remarks", root);
         final String forceReason = this.fromJsonHelper.extractStringNamed("forceCloseReason", root);
 
@@ -577,7 +626,14 @@ public class BranchDayRegisterApiResource {
 
         // Closing a past date is allowed — otherwise a day left open could never be settled at all —
         // but it must say why it was left open, and it is stamped as a force close.
-        final LocalDate today = LocalDate.now(DateUtils.getDateTimeZoneOfTenant());
+        //
+        // Judged against the tenant's BUSINESS date, not the wall clock: a branch that finishes
+        // counting at 00:20 is still closing its own current day, and stamping that as a forced late
+        // close (with a mandatory "why was this left open" reason) both annoys the closer and
+        // destroys the one distinction this register exists for -- closed that evening versus closed
+        // nine days later. The same method already uses getBusinessLocalDate() for its own
+        // arithmetic; using two different notions of "today" in one close was the inconsistency.
+        final LocalDate today = DateUtils.getBusinessLocalDate();
         final boolean isLate = businessDate.isBefore(today);
         if (isLate && (forceReason == null || forceReason.isBlank())) {
             throw new PlatformDataIntegrityException("error.msg.branchday.force.reason.required",
@@ -587,11 +643,18 @@ public class BranchDayRegisterApiResource {
         final BigDecimal bookCash = (BigDecimal) bookBreakdown(officeId, businessDate).get("expectedCash");
         final BigDecimal difference = closingCash != null ? closingCash.subtract(bookCash) : null;
 
-        jdbcTemplate.update("""
+        // "closed_at IS NULL" in the WHERE, not just the read above: the already-closed check and
+        // this write are two separate statements, so two managers pressing Close at once (or one
+        // double-click) both got past the check. The second UPDATE then overwrote the first's
+        // closing figure, closer and difference with no trace, and the two denomination writes
+        // interleaved into exactly the duplicate CLOSING rows saveDenominationDetail's
+        // delete-then-insert exists to prevent. Letting the database arbitrate makes the loser of
+        // that race fail cleanly instead.
+        final int closed = jdbcTemplate.update("""
                 UPDATE m_branch_day_register
                    SET closed_by = ?, closed_by_name = ?, closed_at = ?, closing_cash = ?,
                        book_cash = ?, cash_difference = ?, force_closed = ?, force_close_reason = ?, remarks = ?
-                 WHERE office_id = ? AND business_date = ?
+                 WHERE office_id = ? AND business_date = ? AND closed_at IS NULL
                 """,
             // Forced either way: a late close, or a close over a drawer nobody counted. The reason is
             // stored whenever it was needed, not only when the date was in the past — a same-day
@@ -601,6 +664,10 @@ public class BranchDayRegisterApiResource {
             bookCash, difference, isLate || forcedOverCashiers,
             (isLate || forcedOverCashiers) ? overrideReason : null, remarks,
             officeId, Date.valueOf(businessDate));
+        if (closed == 0) {
+            throw new PlatformDataIntegrityException("error.msg.branchday.already.closed",
+                    "Business day " + businessDate + " is already closed.");
+        }
 
         final Long registerId = ((Number) found.get(0).get("id")).longValue();
         saveDenominationDetail(registerId, "CLOSING", denominations);
@@ -725,12 +792,30 @@ public class BranchDayRegisterApiResource {
      * {@code tellerId} is null for the branch-total OPENING/CLOSING legs (vault + every cashier
      * added together) and set for the vault-only OPENING_VAULT/CLOSING_VAULT legs — see
      * {@link VaultPositionService} for why the two are never allowed to mix.
+     *
+     * Replaces whatever this exact (register, leg, teller) already held rather than adding to it.
+     * Without that, a second call for the same snapshot -- a retry, a re-submitted close after an
+     * earlier attempt stalled partway, {@link #snapshotVaultDenominations} running twice for the
+     * same close -- leaves the old rows sitting alongside the new ones. Nothing downstream
+     * deduplicates by denomination before summing, so a vault's carried-forward opening balance (or
+     * a branch's own opening/closing figure) silently doubles instead of being replaced, exactly the
+     * kind of self-inflicted "the vault has more cash than the whole branch's book figure" gap this
+     * table exists to prevent, not cause.
      */
     private void saveDenominationDetail(final Long registerId, final String leg, final Long tellerId,
             final List<Map<String, Object>> denominations) {
         if (denominations == null || denominations.isEmpty()) {
             return;
         }
+        // The bare "? IS NULL" comparison (no column on either side to infer a type from) makes
+        // PostgreSQL's JDBC driver fail the whole statement with "could not determine data type of
+        // parameter" -- unlike "teller_id = ?", which gets its type from the teller_id column even
+        // when the bound value is null. Casting to BIGINT gives the standalone parameter a type of
+        // its own, independent of context.
+        jdbcTemplate.update("""
+                DELETE FROM m_branch_day_register_detail
+                 WHERE register_id = ? AND leg = ? AND (teller_id = ? OR (teller_id IS NULL AND CAST(? AS BIGINT) IS NULL))
+                """, registerId, leg, tellerId, tellerId);
         for (final Map<String, Object> row : denominations) {
             final int value = (int) row.get("denominationValue");
             final int count = (int) row.get("count");
@@ -939,11 +1024,32 @@ public class BranchDayRegisterApiResource {
         // disbursements use APPROVED; withdrawal is the one register that doesn't) -- filtering on
         // APPROVED alone silently excluded every completed withdrawal from this total, overstating
         // the branch's expected cash by exactly what had actually been paid out that day.
+        // Scoped to this office through the cashier who paid it out. Unscoped, this summed EVERY
+        // branch's withdrawals into whichever branch happened to be closing: with 6-8 offices on
+        // these tenants, Head Office's expected cash was being reduced by cash another branch had
+        // paid over its own counter.
+        //
+        // Two id conventions have to be tolerated, because cashier_id here is NOT an m_cashiers id:
+        // these registers store the APPUSER id of the cashier who submitted (cashier_id = 4 =
+        // nitesh.cashier, while that user's m_cashiers row is id 1). Resolving it only as an
+        // m_cashiers id matched nothing and silently excluded every withdrawal from expected cash --
+        // reporting a phantom shortage of exactly what had been paid out. Accepting either reading
+        // keeps this correct whichever convention a given register follows.
+        //
+        // A row whose cashier is not set at all is still counted, matching the "OR office_id IS NULL"
+        // leniency the deposits query above applies: no cashier means no branch to attribute it to,
+        // and dropping it silently would understate the total instead.
         final BigDecimal slipWithdrawals = zero(jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("""
-                SELECT COALESCE(SUM(amount), 0) FROM m_clerk_withdrawal_request
+                SELECT COALESCE(SUM(w.amount), 0) FROM m_clerk_withdrawal_request w
-                 WHERE status = 'WITHDRAWN'
+                 WHERE w.status = 'WITHDRAWN'
-                   AND COALESCE(txn_date, CAST(submitted_at AS DATE)) = ?
+                   AND COALESCE(w.txn_date, CAST(w.submitted_at AS DATE)) = ?
-                """, BigDecimal.class, date));
+                   AND (w.cashier_id IS NULL
+                        OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM m_appuser au JOIN m_cashiers c ON c.staff_id = au.staff_id
+                                     JOIN m_tellers t ON t.id = c.teller_id
+                                    WHERE au.id = w.cashier_id AND t.office_id = ?)
+                        OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM m_cashiers c JOIN m_tellers t ON t.id = c.teller_id
+                                    WHERE c.id = w.cashier_id AND t.office_id = ?))
+                """, BigDecimal.class, date, officeId, officeId));
 
         // Account closures pay cash over the same counter but live in their own register, so they
         // were missing from this total entirely -- the branch's expected cash stayed high by exactly
@@ -955,24 +1061,36 @@ public class BranchDayRegisterApiResource {
         // since a closure takes nothing out of the drawer until the cashier hands it over (a
         // nil-balance closure never reaches a cashier at all, hence the closure_date fallback).
         final BigDecimal closureWithdrawals = zero(jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("""
-                SELECT COALESCE(SUM(cashier_disbursed_amount), 0) FROM m_clerk_closure_request
+                SELECT COALESCE(SUM(cr.cashier_disbursed_amount), 0) FROM m_clerk_closure_request cr
-                 WHERE status = 'CLOSED'
+                 WHERE cr.status = 'CLOSED'
-                   AND COALESCE(CAST(disbursed_at AS DATE), closure_date) = ?
+                   AND COALESCE(CAST(cr.disbursed_at AS DATE), cr.closure_date) = ?
-                """, BigDecimal.class, date));
+                   AND (cr.cashier_id IS NULL
+                        OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM m_appuser au JOIN m_cashiers c ON c.staff_id = au.staff_id
+                                     JOIN m_tellers t ON t.id = c.teller_id
+                                    WHERE au.id = cr.cashier_id AND t.office_id = ?)
+                        OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM m_cashiers c JOIN m_tellers t ON t.id = c.teller_id
+                                    WHERE c.id = cr.cashier_id AND t.office_id = ?))
+                """, BigDecimal.class, date, officeId, officeId));
 
         final BigDecimal withdrawals = slipWithdrawals.add(closureWithdrawals);
 
-        // Cash drawn from the vault to a cashier — more physical cash sitting in the branch.
+        // Cash drawn from the vault to a cashier — more physical cash sitting in the branch. Scoped
+        // to this office by the vault it came out of, for the same reason as the withdrawals above.
         final BigDecimal vaultIn = zero(jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("""
-                SELECT COALESCE(SUM(transfer_amount), 0) FROM m_cash_transfer
+                SELECT COALESCE(SUM(ct.transfer_amount), 0) FROM m_cash_transfer ct
-                 WHERE transfer_date = ? AND COALESCE(is_reversed, false) = false
+                 WHERE ct.transfer_date = ? AND COALESCE(ct.is_reversed, false) = false
-                """, BigDecimal.class, date));
+                   AND (ct.from_teller_id IS NULL
+                        OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM m_tellers t WHERE t.id = ct.from_teller_id AND t.office_id = ?))
+                """, BigDecimal.class, date, officeId));
 
-        // Cash a cashier settled back to the vault at the end of the day.
+        // Cash a cashier settled back to the vault at the end of the day, scoped to the vault it
+        // went back into.
         final BigDecimal settledOut = zero(jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("""
-                SELECT COALESCE(SUM(settlement_amount), 0) FROM m_cash_settlement
+                SELECT COALESCE(SUM(cs.settlement_amount), 0) FROM m_cash_settlement cs
-                 WHERE settlement_date = ? AND COALESCE(is_reversed, false) = false
+                 WHERE cs.settlement_date = ? AND COALESCE(cs.is_reversed, false) = false
-                """, BigDecimal.class, date));
+                   AND (cs.to_teller_id IS NULL
+                        OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM m_tellers t WHERE t.id = cs.to_teller_id AND t.office_id = ?))
+                """, BigDecimal.class, date, officeId));
 
         final BigDecimal expected = opening.add(deposits).subtract(withdrawals);
 
@@ -1025,8 +1143,26 @@ public class BranchDayRegisterApiResource {
             cashAccountId, cashAccountId);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * A caller-supplied officeId is checked against the caller's own office hierarchy, not taken on
+     * trust. Without that check, any user whose role name happens to contain "clerk"/"manager"/"head
+     * cashier" (see {@link #canOperateDay}) could open or close ANOTHER branch's business day, and
+     * read its register, close preview and cash-GL balance, just by naming its id in the request --
+     * the authority check confirmed they may operate A day, never WHOSE day.
+     * {@code validateAccessRights} is the same office-hierarchy gate the client and group write
+     * services already use, so a head-office user retains access to their branches' days and a
+     * branch user is confined to their own office and anything below it.
+     */
     private Long resolveOffice(final Long requested, final AppUser user) {
         if (requested != null) {
+            final String hierarchy = jdbcTemplate
+                    .query("SELECT hierarchy FROM m_office WHERE id = ?", (rs, n) -> rs.getString(1), requested).stream()
+                    .findFirst().orElse(null);
+            if (hierarchy == null) {
+                throw new PlatformDataIntegrityException("error.msg.branchday.office.not.found",
+                        "Office " + requested + " was not found.");
+            }
+            this.context.validateAccessRights(hierarchy);
             return requested;
         }
         return user.getOffice() != null ? user.getOffice().getId() : 1L;

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/cashexchange/api/CashExchangeApiResource.java

@@ -53,15 +53,28 @@ public class CashExchangeApiResource {
     @POST
     @Transactional
     public String create(String body) {
+        // Gated like every sibling register in this flow (CREATE_CASHTRANSFER,
+        // CREATE_CASHSETTLEMENT, CREATE_CASHINTERCASHIER). Cash exchange had no check at all, so any
+        // authenticated user -- not just a cashier -- could write legs that move a drawer's
+        // denomination position. Permission seeded and granted to the existing cash-handling roles by
+        // migration 0539.
+        this.context.authenticatedUser().validateHasPermissionTo("CREATE_CASHEXCHANGE");
+
         JsonObject json = JsonParser.parseString(body).getAsJsonObject();
 
         final Long accountId = json.has("accountId") && !json.get("accountId").isJsonNull() ? json.get("accountId").getAsLong() : null;
         final String accountNo = json.has("accountNo") && !json.get("accountNo").isJsonNull() ? json.get("accountNo").getAsString()
                 : null;
         final Long clientId = json.has("clientId") && !json.get("clientId").isJsonNull() ? json.get("clientId").getAsLong() : null;
+        // Defaulted, never left null: every as-of-date position query filters
+        // "ce.exchange_date <= CAST(? AS DATE)", which is false for NULL, so a null-dated exchange
+        // vanished from the cashier position and reconciliation reports while still counting in the
+        // undated stock query (DenominationBreakdownWriter.getCashierNetPosition). The drawer then
+        // read as holding the notes it had given away and none of the ones it had taken in. The
+        // sibling registers (cash transfer, settlement) already default the same way.
         final LocalDate exchangeDate = json.has("exchangeDate") && !json.get("exchangeDate").isJsonNull()
                 ? LocalDate.parse(json.get("exchangeDate").getAsString())
-                : null;
+                : DateUtils.getBusinessLocalDate();
         final String note = json.has("note") && !json.get("note").isJsonNull() ? json.get("note").getAsString() : null;
         final String customerIdProof = json.has("customerIdProof") && !json.get("customerIdProof").isJsonNull()
                 ? json.get("customerIdProof").getAsString() : null;
@@ -153,6 +166,10 @@ public class CashExchangeApiResource {
     @POST
     @Path("{id}/reverse")
     public String reverse(@PathParam("id") Long id, String body) {
+        // Reversing moves the same cash back, so it is gated the same way REVERSE_CASHTRANSFER and
+        // REVERSE_CASHSETTLEMENT already are. See create() above and migration 0539.
+        this.context.authenticatedUser().validateHasPermissionTo("REVERSE_CASHEXCHANGE");
+
         CashExchange exchange = repository.findById(id)
                 .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Cash exchange not found: " + id));
         if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(exchange.getIsReversed())) {

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/cashierdeposit/api/CashierDepositRequestApiResource.java

@@ -77,6 +77,19 @@ public class CashierDepositRequestApiResource {
     // activity JsonArray, and a field of the same name reads as that variable at a glance.
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CashierDepositRequestApiResource.class);
 
+    // The temporary txn_id a pending deposit's denomination rows are tagged with (see
+    // savePendingDenomination) is this request's own id -- but m_savings_txn_denomination.txn_id has
+    // no reference-type discriminator, and a real m_savings_account_transaction id is drawn from the
+    // exact same small-integer range. Request #5 and transaction #5 coexisting is the ordinary case,
+    // not a rare one, so approve()'s "WHERE txn_id = <this request's id>" UPDATE (and reject()'s
+    // DELETE) would silently rewrite or erase an unrelated real transaction's own denomination
+    // breakdown whenever the two ids happened to match. Offsetting the temporary id into a range no
+    // real transaction id will reach in this system's lifetime makes every such match unambiguous,
+    // without a schema change. Kept well under CashReportApiResource.MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID (10^12) so
+    // a request still sitting PENDING continues to count in cashier-position reports -- the cash is
+    // physically in the drawer already, approval or not.
+    private static final long PENDING_DEPOSIT_TXN_ID_OFFSET = 500_000_000L;
+
     private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
     private final FromJsonHelper fromJsonHelper;
     private final PlatformSecurityContext context;
@@ -452,13 +465,15 @@ public class CashierDepositRequestApiResource {
         }
 
         // Denomination was already saved at submit time (cashier physically received cash then).
-        // Now update the temporary txn_id (request id) to the real Fineract transaction id.
+        // Now update the temporary txn_id (offset request id -- see PENDING_DEPOSIT_TXN_ID_OFFSET) to
-        // parseTxnIdToLong handles both decimal (savings/current) and hex (GL journal entry).
+        // the real Fineract transaction id. parseTxnIdToLong handles both decimal (savings/current)
+        // and hex (GL journal entry).
         if (txnId != null) {
             final Long realTxnId = parseTxnIdToLong(txnId);
             if (realTxnId != null) {
                 jdbcTemplate.update(
-                    "UPDATE m_savings_txn_denomination SET txn_id = ? WHERE txn_id = ?", realTxnId, id);
+                    "UPDATE m_savings_txn_denomination SET txn_id = ? WHERE txn_id = ?", realTxnId,
+                    id + PENDING_DEPOSIT_TXN_ID_OFFSET);
             }
         }
 
@@ -510,9 +525,10 @@ public class CashierDepositRequestApiResource {
             throw apiError(409, "This deposit request was already actioned by another manager.");
         }
 
-        // Reverse denomination — cashier physically returned cash to customer on rejection.
+        // Reverse denomination — cashier physically returned cash to customer on rejection. The
-        // The temporary denomination records (saved at submit time with txn_id = request id) are removed.
+        // temporary denomination records (saved at submit time with txn_id = offset request id -- see
-        jdbcTemplate.update("DELETE FROM m_savings_txn_denomination WHERE txn_id = ?", id);
+        // PENDING_DEPOSIT_TXN_ID_OFFSET) are removed.
+        jdbcTemplate.update("DELETE FROM m_savings_txn_denomination WHERE txn_id = ?", id + PENDING_DEPOSIT_TXN_ID_OFFSET);
 
         return gson.toJson(Map.of("resourceId", id, "status", "REJECTED"));
     }
@@ -875,7 +891,7 @@ public class CashierDepositRequestApiResource {
                  denomination_value, count, total_amount, txn_date, txn_type, officer_id, officer_username, payment_type)
                 VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, CURRENT_DATE, 'DEPOSIT', ?, ?, ?)
                 """,
-                requestId, savingsAccountId, accountNo, clientId, denomId,
+                requestId + PENDING_DEPOSIT_TXN_ID_OFFSET, savingsAccountId, accountNo, clientId, denomId,
                 value, count, BigDecimal.valueOf((long) value * count),
                 cashierId, cashierUsername, paymentTypeName
             );

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/cashintercashier/api/CashInterCashierApiResource.java

@@ -23,12 +23,14 @@ import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import org.apache.fineract.infrastructure.core.exception.PlatformDataIntegrityException;
 import org.apache.fineract.infrastructure.security.service.PlatformSecurityContext;
+import org.apache.fineract.portfolio.cashreport.api.CashReportApiResource;
 import org.apache.fineract.portfolio.cashreport.service.CashierRoleHelper;
 import org.apache.fineract.portfolio.cashintercashier.domain.CashInterCashier;
 import org.apache.fineract.portfolio.cashintercashier.domain.CashInterCashierDetail;
 import org.apache.fineract.portfolio.cashintercashier.domain.CashInterCashierDetailRepository;
 import org.apache.fineract.portfolio.cashintercashier.domain.CashInterCashierRepository;
 import org.apache.fineract.useradministration.domain.AppUser;
+import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 import org.apache.fineract.infrastructure.core.service.DateUtils;
@@ -44,6 +46,10 @@ public class CashInterCashierApiResource {
     private final CashInterCashierDetailRepository detailRepository;
     private final PlatformSecurityContext context;
     private final CashierRoleHelper cashierRoleHelper;
+    private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
+    // The same figure the Cashier Position screen shows, so a cashier cannot hand on notes the
+    // report says they are not holding -- CashSettlementApiResource depends on it the same way.
+    private final CashReportApiResource cashReportApiResource;
     private final Gson gson = new Gson();
 
     @POST
@@ -85,6 +91,21 @@ public class CashInterCashierApiResource {
             throw new PlatformDataIntegrityException("error.msg.cashintercashier.empty",
                     "At least one denomination with a positive count is required.");
         }
+
+        // The sending cashier has to actually hold these notes. Cash transfer validates the vault's
+        // stock and settlement validates the cashier's; this register validated neither, so a cashier
+        // holding five ₹500 notes could hand 200 of them to a colleague. Both sides are then wrong
+        // for ever, on every future date: the receiver's position, reconciliation and settlement
+        // allowance all rise by ₹1,00,000 of notes that do not exist, and the sender's reads
+        // -195x₹500 with nothing to net it back.
+        validateCashierHoldsDenominations(fromCashierId, denominations, transferDate);
+
+        // Both cashiers must sit under the same office. Nothing stopped a cross-branch inter-cashier
+        // transfer, which moves physical cash between two branches with no vault leg on either side
+        // -- so one branch's day-close is short and the other's is over, with no record of a transfer
+        // between them anywhere in either branch's register.
+        validateSameOffice(fromCashierId, toCashierId);
+
         final BigDecimal total = sumTotal(denominations);
 
         CashInterCashier header = new CashInterCashier();
@@ -206,6 +227,72 @@ public class CashInterCashierApiResource {
         return false;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Same check, same source of truth and same message shape as
+     * {@code CashSettlementApiResource.validateCashierHoldsDenominations} -- the Cashier Position
+     * figure, so a cashier cannot hand over notes that report says they are not holding. An empty
+     * position is left alone rather than refused, matching the settlement path: a cashier with no
+     * recorded position yet is a setup state, not an overdraft.
+     */
+    private void validateCashierHoldsDenominations(final Long fromCashierId, final JsonArray denominations,
+            final LocalDate transferDate) {
+
+        final Map<String, Object> position = cashReportApiResource.buildPositionForCashier(fromCashierId,
+                transferDate.toString());
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        final List<Map<String, Object>> heldRows = (List<Map<String, Object>>) position.get("denominations");
+        if (heldRows == null || heldRows.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Map<Long, Long> held = new java.util.HashMap<>();
+        for (final Map<String, Object> row : heldRows) {
+            final Object id = row.get("denominationId");
+            final Object count = row.get("count");
+            if (id instanceof Number && count instanceof Number) {
+                held.merge(((Number) id).longValue(), ((Number) count).longValue(), Long::sum);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (final JsonElement el : denominations) {
+            final JsonObject item = el.getAsJsonObject();
+            final long count = item.has("count") && !item.get("count").isJsonNull() ? item.get("count").getAsLong() : 0;
+            if (count <= 0 || !item.has("denominationId") || item.get("denominationId").isJsonNull()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            final long denominationId = item.get("denominationId").getAsLong();
+            final int denominationValue = item.has("denominationValue") && !item.get("denominationValue").isJsonNull()
+                    ? item.get("denominationValue").getAsInt() : 0;
+            final long available = held.getOrDefault(denominationId, 0L);
+            if (count > available) {
+                throw new PlatformDataIntegrityException("error.msg.cashintercashier.insufficient.cashier.denomination",
+                        "Cashier is not holding that much of denomination " + denominationValue + ": has " + available
+                                + ", transferring " + count + ". Check the Cashier Position report first.");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Both cashiers must belong to the same office, via their own teller. */
+    private void validateSameOffice(final Long fromCashierId, final Long toCashierId) {
+        final List<Map<String, Object>> offices = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("""
+                SELECT c.id AS cashier_id, t.office_id FROM m_cashiers c JOIN m_tellers t ON t.id = c.teller_id
+                 WHERE c.id IN (?, ?)
+                """, fromCashierId, toCashierId);
+        if (offices.size() < 2) {
+            // One of them has no teller/office resolvable -- leave it to the existing party checks
+            // rather than inventing a new failure here.
+            return;
+        }
+        final Object first = offices.get(0).get("office_id");
+        final Object second = offices.get(1).get("office_id");
+        if (first != null && second != null && !first.equals(second)) {
+            throw new PlatformDataIntegrityException("error.msg.cashintercashier.cross.office",
+                    "Both cashiers must be in the same branch. Cash moving between branches has to go through"
+                            + " each branch's own vault, not a direct cashier-to-cashier transfer.");
+        }
+    }
+
     private void saveDetails(Long interCashierId, JsonArray items) {
         for (JsonElement el : items) {
             JsonObject item = el.getAsJsonObject();

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/cashreconciliation/api/CashReconciliationApiResource.java

@@ -47,6 +47,13 @@ public class CashReconciliationApiResource {
     private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
     private final Gson gson = new Gson();
 
+    // Mirrors CashReportApiResource.MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID: a genuine m_savings_account_transaction id
+    // is always small. Some cashier-GL deposit legs stamp a synthetic, implausibly large txn_id (a
+    // millisecond timestamp, decoded back out of hex) that never links to a real transaction and is
+    // never corrected -- without this same filter here, this endpoint (unlike the cashier-position
+    // report) would count that phantom figure into a cashier's expected cash.
+    private static final long MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID = 1_000_000_000_000L;
+
     /**
      * GET /cashreconciliation/expected?cashierId=X&asOfDate=yyyy-MM-dd
      * Returns denomination-wise expected balance for a cashier.
@@ -89,6 +96,7 @@ public class CashReconciliationApiResource {
                 + "LEFT JOIN m_denomination_master dm ON dm.id = std.denomination_id "
                 + "WHERE std.txn_type = 'DEPOSIT' "
                 + "AND std.txn_date <= CAST(? AS DATE) "
+                + "AND (std.txn_id IS NULL OR std.txn_id < " + MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID + ") "
                 + "AND std.officer_id IN ("
                 + "  SELECT au.id FROM m_appuser au "
                 + "  JOIN m_cashiers mc ON mc.staff_id = au.staff_id WHERE mc.id = ?) "
@@ -118,6 +126,7 @@ public class CashReconciliationApiResource {
                 + "LEFT JOIN m_denomination_master dm ON dm.id = std.denomination_id "
                 + "WHERE std.txn_type = 'WITHDRAWAL' "
                 + "AND std.txn_date <= CAST(? AS DATE) "
+                + "AND (std.txn_id IS NULL OR std.txn_id < " + MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID + ") "
                 + "AND std.officer_id IN ("
                 + "  SELECT au.id FROM m_appuser au "
                 + "  JOIN m_cashiers mc ON mc.staff_id = au.staff_id WHERE mc.id = ?) "
@@ -259,6 +268,14 @@ public class CashReconciliationApiResource {
         final JsonArray denominations = json.has("denominations") && json.get("denominations").isJsonArray()
                 ? json.getAsJsonArray("denominations") : new JsonArray();
 
+        // Expected counts come from the server's own computation, never from the request body.
+        // Reading the client's expectedCount made the whole reconciliation self-certifying: a cashier
+        // Rs 40,000 short could post expectedCount == physicalCount on every row, and the record
+        // stored variance 0 / status OK. That row then satisfied the mandatory reconciliation
+        // precondition on settlement, so the shortage never surfaced anywhere in the system. The
+        // physical count is the cashier's to declare; what the books expect is not.
+        final Map<Long, Long> serverExpected = expectedCountsByDenomination(cashierId, reconDate);
+
         BigDecimal expectedTotal = BigDecimal.ZERO;
         BigDecimal physicalTotal = BigDecimal.ZERO;
         List<CashReconciliationDetail> details = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -266,7 +283,10 @@ public class CashReconciliationApiResource {
         for (JsonElement el : denominations) {
             JsonObject item = el.getAsJsonObject();
             int denomValue = item.has("denominationValue") ? item.get("denominationValue").getAsInt() : 0;
-            int expectedCount = item.has("expectedCount") ? item.get("expectedCount").getAsInt() : 0;
+            final Long denomIdForExpected = item.has("denominationId") && !item.get("denominationId").isJsonNull()
+                    ? item.get("denominationId").getAsLong() : null;
+            int expectedCount = denomIdForExpected != null
+                    ? serverExpected.getOrDefault(denomIdForExpected, 0L).intValue() : 0;
             int physicalCount = item.has("physicalCount") ? item.get("physicalCount").getAsInt() : 0;
             int varianceCount = physicalCount - expectedCount;
             BigDecimal varianceAmount = BigDecimal.valueOf((long) denomValue * varianceCount);
@@ -348,6 +368,30 @@ public class CashReconciliationApiResource {
                 rs.getLong("total_count")
             };
 
+    /**
+     * The server's own expected note/coin counts for a cashier as of a date, keyed by denomination
+     * id. Delegates to {@link #getExpected} rather than re-deriving the eight legs: two
+     * implementations of "what should this drawer hold" drift apart, and the one place that matters
+     * is the record a settlement is later allowed on the strength of.
+     */
+    private Map<Long, Long> expectedCountsByDenomination(final Long cashierId, final LocalDate asOfDate) {
+        final Map<Long, Long> expected = new java.util.HashMap<>();
+        final JsonObject computed = JsonParser.parseString(getExpected(cashierId, asOfDate.toString())).getAsJsonObject();
+        if (!computed.has("denominations") || !computed.get("denominations").isJsonArray()) {
+            return expected;
+        }
+        for (final JsonElement el : computed.getAsJsonArray("denominations")) {
+            final JsonObject row = el.getAsJsonObject();
+            if (!row.has("denominationId") || row.get("denominationId").isJsonNull()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            final long count = row.has("expectedCount") && !row.get("expectedCount").isJsonNull()
+                    ? row.get("expectedCount").getAsLong() : 0L;
+            expected.merge(row.get("denominationId").getAsLong(), count, Long::sum);
+        }
+        return expected;
+    }
+
     private void addToBalance(Map<Long, long[]> balance, List<Object[]> rows, int sign) {
         for (Object[] row : rows) {
             Long denomId = (Long) row[0];

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/cashreport/api/CashReportApiResource.java

@@ -76,14 +76,20 @@ public class CashReportApiResource {
             // recorded against a ₹918 deposit is not ₹1,60,000 of cash in anybody's drawer. Seven
             // such transactions in this database were carrying ₹1.68 lakh that never existed.
             //
+            // The tolerance is sub-rupee, not exact: Indian cash has no paisa coins in circulation,
+            // so a paisa-exact ledger amount (e.g. 12998.56) is legitimately handed over as the
+            // nearest whole rupee (12999) -- a 44-paisa gap is real rounding, not a mis-keyed
+            // breakdown, and treating it as one silently dropped an entire genuine withdrawal (and
+            // everything counted after it) out of the cashier's position.
+            //
             // Compared per transaction inside a correlated subquery rather than as a join, so a
             // breakdown with no transaction behind it -- a Demand Draft keyed by its request id --
             // is untouched by this test and still handled by the id-magnitude test above.
             + "AND NOT EXISTS ("
             + "  SELECT 1 FROM m_savings_account_transaction mt "
             + "   WHERE mt.id = std.txn_id"
-            + "     AND mt.amount <> (SELECT SUM(sd.count * sd.denomination_value)"
+            + "     AND ABS(mt.amount - (SELECT SUM(sd.count * sd.denomination_value)"
-            + "                         FROM m_savings_txn_denomination sd WHERE sd.txn_id = std.txn_id)) ";
+            + "                            FROM m_savings_txn_denomination sd WHERE sd.txn_id = std.txn_id)) >= 1) ";
 
     /**
      * Day book — every voucher raised on one date, in one list, newest first.

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/cashreport/service/VaultPositionService.java

@@ -89,14 +89,26 @@ public class VaultPositionService {
                 """, officeId, dateFilter, tellerId);
         String anchorLeg = "OPENING_VAULT";
         if (anchorRows.isEmpty()) {
-            anchorLeg = "OPENING";
+            // The branch-total OPENING leg mixes the vault with whatever every cashier under it
-            anchorRows = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("""
+            // holds, so it is only a defensible stand-in for a vault when the office has exactly one
-                    SELECT r.id AS register_id, r.business_date FROM m_branch_day_register r
+            // teller. With two, EVERY teller without a vault-scoped row of its own would anchor on
-                     WHERE r.office_id = ? AND r.business_date <= CAST(? AS DATE)
+            // the same office-wide breakdown, and the frontend's Branch Total -- which sums each
-                       AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM m_branch_day_register_detail d
+            // teller's vault -- would report roughly twice the branch's actual cash. Worse, a close
-                                    WHERE d.register_id = r.id AND d.leg = 'OPENING')
+            // then snapshots that inflated figure as this teller's CLOSING_VAULT and the next open
-                     ORDER BY r.business_date DESC LIMIT 1
+            // carries it forward, making the phantom permanent. A second teller with no history of
-                    """, officeId, dateFilter);
+            // its own genuinely holds nothing, and returning no breakdown says so honestly.
+            final Integer tellerCount = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM m_tellers WHERE office_id = ?",
+                    Integer.class, officeId);
+            if (tellerCount != null && tellerCount == 1) {
+                anchorLeg = "OPENING";
+                anchorRows = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("""
+                        SELECT r.id AS register_id, r.business_date FROM m_branch_day_register r
+                         WHERE r.office_id = ? AND r.business_date <= CAST(? AS DATE)
+                           AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM m_branch_day_register_detail d
+                                        WHERE d.register_id = r.id AND d.leg = 'OPENING')
+                         ORDER BY r.business_date DESC LIMIT 1
+                        """, officeId, dateFilter);
+            }
         }
 
         if (anchorRows.isEmpty()) {

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/cashsettlement/api/CashSettlementApiResource.java

@@ -63,7 +63,16 @@ public class CashSettlementApiResource {
     private final CashReportApiResource cashReportApiResource;
     private final Gson gson = new Gson();
 
+    // Transactional so the reconciliation precondition and the duplicate-settlement check below are
+    // read in the same transaction that writes the settlement. They used to run in autocommit while
+    // the insert happened later inside its own TransactionTemplate, leaving a window where a
+    // double-clicked Submit passed both checks twice and wrote two settlements for the same
+    // cashier/date -- each subtracted cumulatively, so the drawer read permanently negative by the
+    // settlement amount. Migration 0540 adds the unique index that makes the race impossible rather
+    // than merely unlikely; this annotation is what stops the two halves of the check-then-act from
+    // being separated by another request's commit.
     @POST
+    @Transactional
     public String create(String body) {
         context.authenticatedUser().validateHasPermissionTo("CREATE_CASHSETTLEMENT");
 

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/clerkdisbursement/api/ClerkDisbursementRequestApiResource.java

@@ -187,12 +187,26 @@ public class ClerkDisbursementRequestApiResource {
             activityLog, Timestamp.from(Instant.now()), requestType
         );
 
-        // A collection pulls money into the GL, so it reads as a credit; a disbursement and a
+        // A collection pulls money into the GL, so it reads as a credit; a disbursement moves
-        // bank transfer both move money out of the source side, so they read as a debit.
+        // money out of the source side, so it reads as a debit — but only when the TXN TP. the
-        final String voucherPrefix = "COLLECTION".equals(requestType)
+        // clerk actually picked is Cash. That dropdown is the real-world signal for whether notes
-            ? VoucherService.PREFIX_CREDIT : VoucherService.PREFIX_DEBIT;
+        // cross the counter, the same way it already governs every teller screen in this system
+        // (isCashPayment): a clerk who selects Transfer, Cheque, DD or NEFT/RTGS is saying no cash
+        // moves for this request, whatever GL it happens to post against, so it belongs in the
+        // Journal series instead of being counted as real cash received or paid on My Vouchers.
+        final boolean isCashPayment = paymentTypeId != null && Boolean.TRUE.equals(jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(
+            "SELECT is_cash_payment FROM m_payment_type WHERE id = ?", Boolean.class, paymentTypeId));
+        final String voucherPrefix = !isCashPayment ? VoucherService.PREFIX_JOURNAL
+            : "COLLECTION".equals(requestType) ? VoucherService.PREFIX_CREDIT : VoucherService.PREFIX_DEBIT;
+        // The voucher's own TYPE column used to be hard-coded to VoucherService.TYPE_DISBURSEMENT
+        // for every request this register raises, so My Vouchers showed "DISBURSEMENT" even for a
+        // Collection or a Fund Transfer the clerk had explicitly picked a different TYPE for on the
+        // entry screen — the one place this register's actual four-way distinction ought to have
+        // been visible was throwing it away. Stored as the clerk's own requestType instead, in the
+        // same words the TYPE dropdown already uses.
+        final String voucherTypeLabel = voucherTypeLabelFor(requestType);
         final String voucherNo = voucherService.createVoucher(
-            VoucherService.TYPE_DISBURSEMENT, VoucherService.REF_CLERK_DISBURSEMENT_REQUEST,
+            voucherTypeLabel, VoucherService.REF_CLERK_DISBURSEMENT_REQUEST,
             newId, txnAmount, currentUser, voucherPrefix);
         jdbcTemplate.update(
             "UPDATE m_clerk_disbursement_request SET voucher_no = ? WHERE id = ?", voucherNo, newId);
@@ -1010,13 +1024,26 @@ public class ClerkDisbursementRequestApiResource {
      */
     /**
      * Bank-transfer settlement voucher, drawn from the same central register as every other
-     * voucher so the two numbering schemes cannot drift apart. A settlement moves money out of
+     * voucher so the two numbering schemes cannot drift apart.
-     * the debited accounts, so it reads as a debit: DR/2108/0001.
+     *
+     * Numbered Journal rather than Debit: both sides of a bank transfer are member accounts, and
+     * the money never touches Cash in Hand or the vault either way (see the "no CashVault entry
+     * created anywhere" comments where these accounts are debited/credited directly). A DR number
+     * would have read as real cash paid out, double-counting the figure in My Vouchers on top of
+     * the day's actual Payment total.
      */
     private String generateBtVoucherNo(final long logId, final AppUser currentUser, final BigDecimal amount) {
         return voucherService.createVoucher(
-            VoucherService.TYPE_DISBURSEMENT, VoucherService.REF_BANK_TRANSFER_LOG,
+            "Bank Transfer", VoucherService.REF_BANK_TRANSFER_LOG,
-            logId, amount, currentUser, VoucherService.PREFIX_DEBIT);
+            logId, amount, currentUser, VoucherService.PREFIX_JOURNAL);
+    }
+
+    /** The TYPE column's label, in the same words the clerk's own TYPE dropdown uses for it. */
+    private static String voucherTypeLabelFor(final String requestType) {
+        if ("COLLECTION".equals(requestType)) return "Collection";
+        if ("BANK_TRANSFER".equals(requestType)) return "Bank Transfer";
+        if ("FUND_TRANSFER".equals(requestType)) return "Fund Transfer";
+        return "Disbursement";
     }
 
     // ── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -1250,7 +1277,13 @@ public class ClerkDisbursementRequestApiResource {
             .withJson(payload.toString())
             .build();
         fineractRequestContextHolder.setAttribute(SynchronousCommandProcessingService.COMMAND_SOURCE_ID, null);
-        final CommandProcessingResult result = commandsSourceWritePlatformService.logCommandSource(cmd);
+        // This disbursement/collection request already raised its own voucher at submission and
+        // attaches every leg to it in addDisbursementVoucherLines() after approval succeeds — without
+        // withOwnVoucher() the plain savings withdrawal command below raises a second, orphaned
+        // voucher of its own for the same money (see VoucherService.withOwnVoucher's javadoc), which
+        // is what was double-counting a Collection's amount in both Received and Payments on My Vouchers.
+        final CommandProcessingResult result = voucherService
+            .withOwnVoucher(() -> commandsSourceWritePlatformService.logCommandSource(cmd));
         return result.getResourceId() != null ? result.getResourceId().toString() : null;
     }
 

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/denominationmaster/service/DenominationBreakdownWriter.java

@@ -40,6 +40,14 @@ public class DenominationBreakdownWriter {
     private final PlatformSecurityContext context;
     private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
 
+    // Mirrors CashReportApiResource.MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID: a genuine m_savings_account_transaction id
+    // is always small. Some cashier-GL deposit legs stamp a synthetic, implausibly large txn_id (a
+    // millisecond timestamp, decoded back out of hex) that never links to a real transaction and is
+    // never corrected -- without this same filter here, a cashier's computed stock (and the
+    // insufficient-stock check that guards a withdrawal against it) would count that phantom figure
+    // as real notes and coins in the drawer.
+    private static final long MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID = 1_000_000_000_000L;
+
     // ── Public API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     /**
@@ -126,8 +134,17 @@ public class DenominationBreakdownWriter {
                     "Denomination breakdown validation errors exist.", errors);
         }
 
-        // 5. Grand total must match the transaction amount
+        // 5. Grand total must match the transaction amount, to within a rupee.
-        if (expectedAmount != null && computedTotal.compareTo(expectedAmount) != 0) {
+        //
+        // Exact equality made a whole class of legitimate transaction impossible to complete: an
+        // interest-bearing withdrawal or closure settles on a paisa figure (₹12,998.56), Indian cash
+        // has no paisa coins, so NO set of notes can ever sum to it and every breakdown the cashier
+        // entered was rejected. Sub-rupee is therefore accepted as the rounding it is -- the same
+        // tolerance CashReportApiResource's own breakdown check applies on the reporting side, so
+        // the two agree instead of one accepting what the other rejects. A genuinely mis-keyed
+        // breakdown (₹1,60,000 of notes against a ₹918 deposit) is off by far more than a rupee and
+        // is still refused.
+        if (expectedAmount != null && computedTotal.subtract(expectedAmount).abs().compareTo(BigDecimal.ONE) >= 0) {
             throw new PlatformDataIntegrityException(
                     "error.msg.denomination.total.mismatch",
                     label + " denomination breakdown total (" + computedTotal
@@ -277,6 +294,7 @@ public class DenominationBreakdownWriter {
                 + "    SELECT std.denomination_id, CAST(SUM(std.count) AS BIGINT)"
                 + "    FROM m_savings_txn_denomination std"
                 + "    WHERE std.txn_type = 'DEPOSIT'"
+                + "    AND (std.txn_id IS NULL OR std.txn_id < " + MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID + ")"
                 + "    AND std.officer_id IN (SELECT au.id FROM m_appuser au"
                 + "      JOIN m_cashiers mc ON mc.staff_id = au.staff_id WHERE mc.id = ?)"
                 + "    GROUP BY std.denomination_id"
@@ -300,6 +318,7 @@ public class DenominationBreakdownWriter {
                 + "    SELECT std.denomination_id, CAST(-SUM(std.count) AS BIGINT)"
                 + "    FROM m_savings_txn_denomination std"
                 + "    WHERE std.txn_type = 'WITHDRAWAL'"
+                + "    AND (std.txn_id IS NULL OR std.txn_id < " + MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID + ")"
                 + "    AND std.officer_id IN (SELECT au.id FROM m_appuser au"
                 + "      JOIN m_cashiers mc ON mc.staff_id = au.staff_id WHERE mc.id = ?)"
                 + "    GROUP BY std.denomination_id"
@@ -309,7 +328,13 @@ public class DenominationBreakdownWriter {
                 + "    WHERE ce.cashier_id = ? AND ced.direction = 'GIVEN'"
                 + "    AND (ce.is_reversed IS NULL OR ce.is_reversed = false)"
                 + "    GROUP BY ced.denomination_id"
-                + "  ) raw GROUP BY denomination_id HAVING SUM(net_count) > 0"
+                // No "HAVING SUM(net_count) > 0" here: dropping the denominations that net negative
+                // reports MORE cash than the drawer holds, because the shortfall they represent is
+                // silently discarded instead of subtracted. Net -20x₹500 with +30x₹100 is -₹7,000,
+                // not +₹3,000 -- and this figure is what validateCashierHasTotal lets a withdrawal
+                // through on, so the optimistic version hands out money that is not there. It also
+                // disagreed with getCashierNetPosition below, which has never filtered them.
+                + "  ) raw GROUP BY denomination_id"
                 + ") t JOIN m_denomination_master dm ON dm.id = t.denomination_id";
 
         final BigDecimal total = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, BigDecimal.class,
@@ -390,6 +415,7 @@ public class DenominationBreakdownWriter {
                 + "  SELECT std.denomination_id, CAST(SUM(std.count) AS BIGINT)"
                 + "  FROM m_savings_txn_denomination std"
                 + "  WHERE std.txn_type = 'DEPOSIT'"
+                + "  AND (std.txn_id IS NULL OR std.txn_id < " + MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID + ")"
                 + "  AND std.officer_id IN (SELECT au.id FROM m_appuser au"
                 + "    JOIN m_cashiers mc ON mc.staff_id = au.staff_id WHERE mc.id = ?)"
                 + "  GROUP BY std.denomination_id"
@@ -413,6 +439,7 @@ public class DenominationBreakdownWriter {
                 + "  SELECT std.denomination_id, CAST(-SUM(std.count) AS BIGINT)"
                 + "  FROM m_savings_txn_denomination std"
                 + "  WHERE std.txn_type = 'WITHDRAWAL'"
+                + "  AND (std.txn_id IS NULL OR std.txn_id < " + MAX_PLAUSIBLE_TXN_ID + ")"
                 + "  AND std.officer_id IN (SELECT au.id FROM m_appuser au"
                 + "    JOIN m_cashiers mc ON mc.staff_id = au.staff_id WHERE mc.id = ?)"
                 + "  GROUP BY std.denomination_id"

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/voucher/api/VoucherVerificationApiResource.java

@@ -785,7 +785,15 @@ public class VoucherVerificationApiResource {
                        cr.party_name AS credit_party, cr.account_no AS credit_account,
                        (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM m_voucher_line l WHERE l.voucher_no = v.voucher_no) AS line_count,
                        (v.created_by_username = ? OR mk.maker_id = ?) AS raised_by_me,
-                       (ver.verified_by = ? OR ap.approver_id = ?) AS verified_by_me
+                       (ver.verified_by = ? OR ap.approver_id = ?) AS verified_by_me,
+                       -- Whether either side of the voucher is the till itself — same test as the
+                       -- register listing below, and for the same reason: a Collection/Disbursement
+                       -- request is numbered in the CR/DR series (it debits or credits a member's
+                       -- own account), but when its other leg is a GL account rather than the vault,
+                       -- no cash actually crossed the counter. Counting it under Received or Payment
+                       -- read as double-counting the exact figure already shown on the Journal-free
+                       -- day totals, when it was really a book entry between two ledgers.
+                       till.touched AS till_touched
                   FROM m_voucher v
                   LEFT JOIN m_office o ON o.id = v.branch_office_id
                   LEFT JOIN m_voucher_verification ver ON ver.voucher_no = v.voucher_no
@@ -799,6 +807,14 @@ public class VoucherVerificationApiResource {
                        SELECT party_name, account_no FROM m_voucher_line
                         WHERE voucher_no = v.voucher_no AND entry_type = 'CR'
                         ORDER BY line_no LIMIT 1) cr ON TRUE
+                  LEFT JOIN LATERAL (
+                       SELECT TRUE AS touched FROM m_voucher_line cl
+                        WHERE cl.voucher_no = v.voucher_no
+                          AND (cl.gl_account_id IN (
+                                   SELECT fa.gl_account_id FROM acc_gl_financial_activity_account fa
+                                    WHERE fa.financial_activity_type IN (101, 102))
+                               OR (cl.gl_account_id IS NULL AND cl.party_name = 'Cash in Hand'))
+                        LIMIT 1) till ON TRUE
                  WHERE v.created_at >= ? AND v.created_at < ?
                    AND (v.created_by_username = ? OR mk.maker_id = ? OR ver.verified_by = ? OR ap.approver_id = ?)
                  ORDER BY v.created_at DESC, v.voucher_no DESC
@@ -816,11 +832,23 @@ public class VoucherVerificationApiResource {
         for (final Map<String, Object> r : rows) {
             final BigDecimal amount = (BigDecimal) r.get("amount");
             final String voucherNo = (String) r.get("voucher_no");
+            final int lineCount = ((Number) r.get("line_count")).intValue();
             // The series the number was issued in is the side: a register's own prefix is the one
             // thing that cannot disagree with the voucher, whereas re-deriving CR/DR from the type
             // would have to keep a list of types in step with the ones that issue them.
-            final String side = voucherNo == null ? null
+            final String rawSide = voucherNo == null ? null
                     : voucherNo.startsWith("CR") ? "CR" : voucherNo.startsWith("DR") ? "DR" : "JV";
+            // A CR/DR voucher whose lines never touch the till (the same test bookBreakdown() uses
+            // below) is a book entry between two ledgers that happened to be numbered in the cash
+            // series — a Collection/Disbursement request posted against a GL account rather than the
+            // vault, e.g. a savings account debited straight into a Sundry GL account. Reading its
+            // prefix at face value counted that figure a second time, on top of whatever Journal
+            // already showed, as if real cash had crossed the counter. A voucher with no lines yet
+            // (raised but not actioned) is left alone — there is nothing to test the till against,
+            // and it is still real expected cash, not yet a book entry either way.
+            final boolean tillTouched = Boolean.TRUE.equals(r.get("till_touched"));
+            final String side = ("CR".equals(rawSide) || "DR".equals(rawSide)) && lineCount > 0 && !tillTouched
+                    ? "JV" : rawSide;
 
             if (amount != null) {
                 if ("CR".equals(side)) {
@@ -856,7 +884,6 @@ public class VoucherVerificationApiResource {
             m.put("debitAccount", r.get("debit_account"));
             m.put("creditParty", r.get("credit_party"));
             m.put("creditAccount", r.get("credit_account"));
-            final int lineCount = ((Number) r.get("line_count")).intValue();
             m.put("extraLines", Math.max(0, lineCount - 2));
             m.put("myRole", raisedByMe && verifiedByMe ? "RAISED_AND_VERIFIED" : raisedByMe ? "RAISED" : "VERIFIED");
             out.add(m);

fineract-provider/src/main/resources/db/changelog/tenant/final-changelog-tenant.xml

@@ -65,4 +65,6 @@
     <include file="parts/0536_sync_job_identity_sequence.xml" relativeToChangelogFile="true"/>
     <include file="parts/0537_seed_delete_office_permission.xml" relativeToChangelogFile="true"/>
     <include file="parts/0538_add_branch_pincode.xml" relativeToChangelogFile="true"/>
+    <include file="parts/0539_seed_cash_exchange_permissions.xml" relativeToChangelogFile="true"/>
+    <include file="parts/0540_unique_active_cash_settlement_per_cashier_day.xml" relativeToChangelogFile="true"/>
 </databaseChangeLog>

fineract-provider/src/main/resources/db/changelog/tenant/parts/0539_seed_cash_exchange_permissions.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<databaseChangeLog xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
+        http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-4.1.xsd">
+
+    <!-- Every other register in the cashier's cash flow is permission-gated: CREATE_CASHTRANSFER,
+         CREATE_CASHSETTLEMENT, CREATE_CASHINTERCASHIER, plus their READ and REVERSE siblings. Cash
+         exchange (a customer swapping notes for other notes over the counter) shipped without any of
+         them, so CashExchangeApiResource had nothing to check and any authenticated user could write
+         or reverse exchange legs, which feed straight into every cashier-position and reconciliation
+         figure. These are the missing permissions, named and grouped exactly like the siblings.
+
+         Seeded and granted in the same changeset on purpose: adding the permission check in code
+         without the grant would lock the feature out for the very cashiers who use it, so the grant
+         goes to precisely the roles that already hold CREATE_CASHTRANSFER (CASHIER, Clerk, and
+         anything else configured with it), rather than to a hard-coded role name that may not exist
+         in a given tenant. -->
+    <changeSet id="0539_seed_cash_exchange_permissions" author="cbs-nitesh">
+        <preConditions onFail="MARK_RAN">
+            <sqlCheck expectedResult="0">SELECT COUNT(*) FROM m_permission WHERE code = 'CREATE_CASHEXCHANGE'</sqlCheck>
+        </preConditions>
+        <insert tableName="m_permission">
+            <column name="grouping" value="cashier"/>
+            <column name="code" value="CREATE_CASHEXCHANGE"/>
+            <column name="entity_name" value="CASHEXCHANGE"/>
+            <column name="action_name" value="CREATE"/>
+            <column name="can_maker_checker" valueBoolean="false"/>
+        </insert>
+        <insert tableName="m_permission">
+            <column name="grouping" value="cashier"/>
+            <column name="code" value="READ_CASHEXCHANGE"/>
+            <column name="entity_name" value="CASHEXCHANGE"/>
+            <column name="action_name" value="READ"/>
+            <column name="can_maker_checker" valueBoolean="false"/>
+        </insert>
+        <insert tableName="m_permission">
+            <column name="grouping" value="cashier"/>
+            <column name="code" value="REVERSE_CASHEXCHANGE"/>
+            <column name="entity_name" value="CASHEXCHANGE"/>
+            <column name="action_name" value="REVERSE"/>
+            <column name="can_maker_checker" valueBoolean="false"/>
+        </insert>
+    </changeSet>
+
+    <changeSet id="0539_grant_cash_exchange_permissions" author="cbs-nitesh">
+        <sql>
+            INSERT INTO m_role_permission (role_id, permission_id)
+            SELECT DISTINCT existing.role_id, newperm.id
+              FROM m_role_permission existing
+              JOIN m_permission sibling ON sibling.id = existing.permission_id
+              CROSS JOIN m_permission newperm
+             WHERE sibling.code = 'CREATE_CASHTRANSFER'
+               AND newperm.code IN ('CREATE_CASHEXCHANGE', 'READ_CASHEXCHANGE', 'REVERSE_CASHEXCHANGE')
+               AND NOT EXISTS (
+                     SELECT 1 FROM m_role_permission rp
+                      WHERE rp.role_id = existing.role_id AND rp.permission_id = newperm.id
+                   )
+        </sql>
+    </changeSet>
+
+</databaseChangeLog>

fineract-provider/src/main/resources/db/changelog/tenant/parts/0540_unique_active_cash_settlement_per_cashier_day.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<databaseChangeLog xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
+        http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-4.1.xsd">
+
+    <!-- CashSettlementApiResource.create() rejects a second settlement for the same cashier and date
+         with a COUNT(*) check, but a check in application code is only as good as the transaction it
+         runs in: a double-clicked Submit had both requests pass the count before either had
+         committed, and both settlements were written. Each is subtracted from that cashier's
+         cumulative position, so the drawer then reads permanently short by the settlement amount and
+         no screen explains why.
+
+         A partial unique index is the durable half of that fix (the resource is now transactional
+         too). Partial rather than plain, because a reversed settlement must not block a corrected
+         one being entered for the same day: is_reversed IS NULL is treated as not-reversed, matching
+         every query in this flow that reads it as "COALESCE(is_reversed, false) = false".
+
+         Created only when no duplicate already exists, so a tenant that accumulated one before this
+         migration is not blocked from starting up: the index cannot be created there until the
+         duplicates are dealt with, which is a data decision for that bank to make (which of the two
+         settlements was real), not something to silently pick a winner for here. -->
+    <changeSet id="0540_unique_active_cash_settlement_per_cashier_day" author="cbs-nitesh">
+        <preConditions onFail="MARK_RAN" onFailMessage="Skipped: duplicate active settlements already exist for a cashier/date, or the index is already present. Resolve the duplicates, then re-run.">
+            <and>
+                <sqlCheck expectedResult="0">
+                    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (
+                      SELECT from_cashier_id, settlement_date
+                        FROM m_cash_settlement
+                       WHERE COALESCE(is_reversed, false) = false
+                         AND from_cashier_id IS NOT NULL
+                       GROUP BY from_cashier_id, settlement_date
+                      HAVING COUNT(*) > 1
+                    ) dupes
+                </sqlCheck>
+                <sqlCheck expectedResult="0">
+                    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_indexes
+                     WHERE tablename = 'm_cash_settlement'
+                       AND indexname = 'uq_cash_settlement_active_per_cashier_day'
+                </sqlCheck>
+            </and>
+        </preConditions>
+        <sql>
+            CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uq_cash_settlement_active_per_cashier_day
+                ON m_cash_settlement (from_cashier_id, settlement_date)
+             WHERE COALESCE(is_reversed, false) = false AND from_cashier_id IS NOT NULL
+        </sql>
+        <rollback>
+            <sql>DROP INDEX IF EXISTS uq_cash_settlement_active_per_cashier_day</sql>
+        </rollback>
+    </changeSet>
+
+</databaseChangeLog>