diff --git a/src/app/cashier/cash-exchange-entry/cash-exchange-entry.component.html b/src/app/cashier/cash-exchange-entry/cash-exchange-entry.component.html
index 4950989e4..e08dc73b0 100644
--- a/src/app/cashier/cash-exchange-entry/cash-exchange-entry.component.html
+++ b/src/app/cashier/cash-exchange-entry/cash-exchange-entry.component.html
@@ -22,6 +22,49 @@
     </div>
   </header>
 
+  <!-- ── Customer Info Bar ── -->
+  <div class="cx-customer-bar">
+    <div
+      class="cx-customer-toggle"
+      [class.cx-customer-toggle--active]="isAccountHolder"
+      (click)="toggleAccountHolder()"
+    >
+      <mat-icon>{{ isAccountHolder ? 'check_box' : 'check_box_outline_blank' }}</mat-icon>
+      <span>Account Holder</span>
+    </div>
+
+    @if (isAccountHolder) {
+      <label class="cx-field cx-field--inline">
+        <span>Account No.</span>
+        <input
+          type="text"
+          [value]="accountNo"
+          (input)="accountNo = $any($event.target).value"
+          placeholder="e.g. 000101234567"
+        />
+      </label>
+    } @else {
+      <span class="cx-walk-in"><mat-icon>person_outline</mat-icon> Walk-in Customer</span>
+    }
+
+    @if (needsIdProof) {
+      <div class="cx-pan-required">
+        <mat-icon>warning</mat-icon>
+        <span>Amount ≥ ₹50,000 — Customer PAN / Aadhaar required (RBI)</span>
+      </div>
+      <label class="cx-field cx-field--inline cx-field--pan">
+        <span>PAN / Aadhaar *</span>
+        <input
+          type="text"
+          [value]="customerIdProof"
+          (input)="customerIdProof = $any($event.target).value"
+          placeholder="ABCDE1234F"
+          maxlength="20"
+        />
+      </label>
+    }
+  </div>
+
   <div class="cx-cols">
     <!-- RECEIVED -->
     <section class="cx-col cx-col--received">
@@ -147,14 +190,42 @@
   @if (receivedTotal > 0 && !matches) {
     <div class="cx-warn"><mat-icon>warning</mat-icon> Received and Given totals must match (net ₹0).</div>
   }
+  @if (hasGivenOverdraft) {
+    <div class="cx-overdraft-card">
+      <div class="cx-overdraft-card__title">
+        <mat-icon class="cx-overdraft-card__ico">block</mat-icon>
+        <span>Insufficient stock — cannot give to customer</span>
+      </div>
+      <div class="cx-overdraft-card__rows">
+        @for (item of givenOverdraftItems; track item.label) {
+          <div class="cx-overdraft-card__row">
+            <span class="cx-overdraft-card__chip">{{ item.label }}</span>
+            <span class="cx-overdraft-card__stat"
+              ><span class="cx-overdraft-card__lbl">Need</span><strong>{{ item.requested }}</strong></span
+            >
+            <span class="cx-overdraft-card__dot">·</span>
+            <span class="cx-overdraft-card__stat"
+              ><span class="cx-overdraft-card__lbl">Available</span><strong>{{ item.available }}</strong></span
+            >
+            <span class="cx-overdraft-card__short">Short: {{ item.requested - item.available }}</span>
+          </div>
+        }
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  }
+  @if (needsIdProof && !customerIdProof.trim()) {
+    <div class="cx-warn cx-warn--pan">
+      <mat-icon>badge</mat-icon> Enter customer PAN / Aadhaar to proceed (amount ≥ ₹50,000).
+    </div>
+  }
 
   <div class="cx-actions">
     <label class="cx-field cx-field--note">
       <span>Note</span>
       <input type="text" [value]="note" (input)="note = $any($event.target).value" placeholder="Optional" />
     </label>
-    <button type="button" class="cx-btn cx-btn--primary" [disabled]="!matches || saving" (click)="submit()">
-      <mat-icon>swap_horiz</mat-icon> Confirm Exchange
+    <button type="button" class="cx-btn cx-btn--primary" [disabled]="!valid || saving" (click)="submit()">
+      <mat-icon>swap_horiz</mat-icon> {{ saving ? 'Saving…' : 'Confirm Exchange' }}
     </button>
   </div>
 </div>
diff --git a/src/app/cashier/cash-exchange-entry/cash-exchange-entry.component.scss b/src/app/cashier/cash-exchange-entry/cash-exchange-entry.component.scss
index 687d4ac0f..9c4277912 100644
--- a/src/app/cashier/cash-exchange-entry/cash-exchange-entry.component.scss
+++ b/src/app/cashier/cash-exchange-entry/cash-exchange-entry.component.scss
@@ -73,6 +73,208 @@
   }
 }
 
+/* ── Customer info bar ── */
+.cx-customer-bar {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 12px;
+  padding: 10px 14px;
+  background: #f8fafc;
+  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
+  border-radius: 10px;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.cx-customer-toggle {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: #475569;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  user-select: none;
+
+  mat-icon {
+    font-size: 20px;
+    height: 20px;
+    width: 20px;
+    color: #94a3b8;
+  }
+
+  &--active {
+    color: #1e40af;
+
+    mat-icon {
+      color: #1e40af;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+.cx-walk-in {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 4px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: #64748b;
+
+  mat-icon {
+    font-size: 16px;
+    height: 16px;
+    width: 16px;
+  }
+}
+
+.cx-pan-required {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  padding: 4px 10px;
+  background: #fffbeb;
+  border: 1px solid #fcd34d;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: #92400e;
+
+  mat-icon {
+    font-size: 16px;
+    height: 16px;
+    width: 16px;
+    color: #d97706;
+  }
+}
+
+.cx-field--inline {
+  flex-direction: row;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+
+  span {
+    white-space: nowrap;
+  }
+
+  input {
+    width: 180px;
+  }
+}
+
+.cx-field--pan input {
+  width: 160px;
+  border-color: #fcd34d;
+
+  &:focus {
+    outline: none;
+    border-color: #d97706;
+  }
+}
+
+.cx-warn--pan {
+  background: #eff6ff;
+  border-color: #bfdbfe;
+  color: #1e40af;
+
+  mat-icon {
+    color: #2563eb;
+  }
+}
+
+.cx-overdraft-card {
+  background: #fff5f5;
+  border: 1.5px solid #fca5a5;
+  border-left: 4px solid #ef4444;
+  border-radius: 10px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+
+  &__title {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 8px;
+    padding: 9px 14px;
+    font-size: 13px;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    color: #7f1d1d;
+    background: #fef2f2;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #fecaca;
+  }
+
+  &__ico {
+    color: #ef4444;
+    font-size: 18px;
+    height: 18px;
+    width: 18px;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+  }
+
+  &__rows {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    padding: 4px 0;
+  }
+
+  &__row {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 10px;
+    padding: 7px 14px;
+    font-size: 12.5px;
+    color: #7f1d1d;
+
+    &:not(:last-child) {
+      border-bottom: 1px dashed #fecaca;
+    }
+  }
+
+  &__chip {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    padding: 3px 10px;
+    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fee2e2, #fecaca);
+    border: 1px solid #fca5a5;
+    border-radius: 6px;
+    font-size: 12px;
+    font-weight: 800;
+    color: #991b1b;
+    min-width: 52px;
+    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
+  }
+
+  &__stat {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 4px;
+
+    strong {
+      font-weight: 800;
+      font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+    }
+  }
+
+  &__lbl {
+    font-size: 11px;
+    color: #b91c1c;
+    font-weight: 600;
+  }
+
+  &__dot {
+    color: #fca5a5;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    font-size: 14px;
+  }
+
+  &__short {
+    margin-left: auto;
+    padding: 2px 9px;
+    background: #fff;
+    border: 1.5px solid #f87171;
+    border-radius: 999px;
+    font-size: 11px;
+    font-weight: 800;
+    color: #b91c1c;
+  }
+}
+
 .cx-cols {
   display: grid;
   grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
diff --git a/src/app/cashier/cash-exchange-entry/cash-exchange-entry.component.ts b/src/app/cashier/cash-exchange-entry/cash-exchange-entry.component.ts
index 5d1bc6428..383cb57d6 100644
--- a/src/app/cashier/cash-exchange-entry/cash-exchange-entry.component.ts
+++ b/src/app/cashier/cash-exchange-entry/cash-exchange-entry.component.ts
@@ -45,7 +45,16 @@ export class CashExchangeEntryComponent implements OnInit {
   note = '';
   saving = false;
 
-  /** All denominations (notes then coins) — used for totals and the submit payload. */
+  // ── Customer info ──
+  isAccountHolder = false;
+  accountNo = '';
+  customerIdProof = '';
+
+  // ── Cashier position (for denomination overdraft check) ──
+  private availableMap = new Map<number, number>();
+  positionLoaded = false;
+
+  /** All denominations (notes then coins) */
   get denoms(): Denom[] {
     return [
       ...this.notes,
@@ -58,7 +67,7 @@ export class CashExchangeEntryComponent implements OnInit {
     this.exchangeDate = `${d.getFullYear()}-${String(d.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0')}-${String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, '0')}`;
     this.service.getActiveDenominations().subscribe({
       next: (list) => {
-        const rows: Denom[] = (list || []).map((x) => ({
+        const rows: Denom[] = (list || []).map((x: any) => ({
           id: x.id,
           value: x.denomination,
           kind: x.kind,
@@ -72,6 +81,18 @@ export class CashExchangeEntryComponent implements OnInit {
         this.coins = [];
       }
     });
+    this.service.getCashierPositionForMe().subscribe({
+      next: (res: any) => {
+        this.availableMap.clear();
+        ((res?.denominations || []) as any[]).forEach((d: any) => {
+          if (d.denominationId) this.availableMap.set(Number(d.denominationId), Number(d.count ?? 0));
+        });
+        this.positionLoaded = true;
+      },
+      error: () => {
+        this.positionLoaded = true;
+      }
+    });
   }
 
   countFor(side: 'r' | 'g', d: Denom): number {
@@ -107,23 +128,53 @@ export class CashExchangeEntryComponent implements OnInit {
     return this.receivedTotal > 0 && this.receivedTotal === this.givenTotal;
   }
 
+  /** Above ₹50,000 PAN/ID is mandatory per RBI guideline */
+  get needsIdProof(): boolean {
+    return this.receivedTotal >= 50000;
+  }
+
+  /** Denominations where cashier is giving more than currently available. */
+  get givenOverdraftItems(): Array<{ label: string; available: number; requested: number }> {
+    if (!this.positionLoaded) return [];
+    return this.denoms
+      .map((d) => ({ label: d.label, available: this.availableMap.get(d.id) ?? 0, requested: this.countFor('g', d) }))
+      .filter((item) => item.requested > 0 && item.requested > item.available);
+  }
+
+  get hasGivenOverdraft(): boolean {
+    return this.givenOverdraftItems.length > 0;
+  }
+
+  get valid(): boolean {
+    return this.matches && (!this.needsIdProof || this.customerIdProof.trim().length > 0) && !this.hasGivenOverdraft;
+  }
+
+  toggleAccountHolder(): void {
+    this.isAccountHolder = !this.isAccountHolder;
+    if (!this.isAccountHolder) this.accountNo = '';
+  }
+
   clear(): void {
     this.receivedCounts = {};
     this.givenCounts = {};
+    this.note = '';
+    this.accountNo = '';
+    this.customerIdProof = '';
+    this.isAccountHolder = false;
   }
 
   submit(): void {
-    if (!this.matches || this.saving) {
-      return;
-    }
+    if (!this.valid || this.saving) return;
     this.saving = true;
     const build = (side: 'r' | 'g') =>
       this.denoms
         .filter((d) => this.countFor(side, d) > 0)
         .map((d) => ({ denominationId: d.id, denominationValue: d.value, count: this.countFor(side, d) }));
-    const payload = {
+    const payload: any = {
       exchangeDate: this.exchangeDate,
       note: this.note || null,
+      customerIdProof: this.customerIdProof.trim() || null,
+      accountNo: this.isAccountHolder && this.accountNo.trim() ? this.accountNo.trim() : null,
       received: build('r'),
       given: build('g')
     };
@@ -131,7 +182,6 @@ export class CashExchangeEntryComponent implements OnInit {
       next: () => {
         this.snackBar.open('Cash exchange recorded', 'Close', { duration: 3000 });
         this.clear();
-        this.note = '';
         this.saving = false;
       },
       error: () => {
diff --git a/src/app/cashier/cash-history/cash-history.component.html b/src/app/cashier/cash-history/cash-history.component.html
index 69c34a4d7..ffb27f148 100644
--- a/src/app/cashier/cash-history/cash-history.component.html
+++ b/src/app/cashier/cash-history/cash-history.component.html
@@ -52,6 +52,12 @@
         <ng-container *ngTemplateOutlet="txnTable; context: { rows: interCashier }"></ng-container>
       </div>
     </mat-tab>
+
+    <mat-tab label="Cash Exchanges ({{ exchanges.length }})">
+      <div class="pg-tab-body">
+        <ng-container *ngTemplateOutlet="txnTable; context: { rows: exchanges }"></ng-container>
+      </div>
+    </mat-tab>
   </mat-tab-group>
 </div>
 
@@ -122,7 +128,13 @@
       <!-- Header -->
       <div class="detail-panel__head">
         <div class="detail-panel__title">
-          <mat-icon>{{ detail.row.type === 'settlement' ? 'account_balance_wallet' : 'swap_horiz' }}</mat-icon>
+          <mat-icon>{{
+            detail.row.type === 'settlement'
+              ? 'account_balance_wallet'
+              : detail.row.type === 'exchange'
+                ? 'currency_exchange'
+                : 'swap_horiz'
+          }}</mat-icon>
           <div>
             <span class="detail-panel__type">{{ typeLabel(detail.row.type) }}</span>
             <span class="detail-panel__id">#{{ detail.row.id }}</span>
@@ -241,8 +253,163 @@
 
       @if (detail.loading) {
         <div class="pg-empty" style="padding: 20px 0">Loading denomination details…</div>
-      } @else if (detail.denominations.length === 0) {
+      } @else if (
+        detail.row.type === 'exchange' &&
+        detail.receivedDenominations.length === 0 &&
+        detail.givenDenominations.length === 0
+      ) {
         <div class="pg-empty" style="padding: 20px 0">No denomination data recorded.</div>
+      } @else if (detail.row.type !== 'exchange' && detail.denominations.length === 0) {
+        <div class="pg-empty" style="padding: 20px 0">No denomination data recorded.</div>
+      } @else if (detail.row.type === 'exchange') {
+        <!-- RECEIVED from customer -->
+        <div class="cx-dir-label cx-dir-label--received"><mat-icon>south</mat-icon> Received from Customer</div>
+        @if (notes(detail.receivedDenominations).length > 0) {
+          <div class="detail-denom-kind-label">Notes</div>
+          <table class="pg-table detail-denom-table">
+            <thead>
+              <tr>
+                <th>Denomination</th>
+                <th style="text-align: center">Count</th>
+                <th class="num">Total</th>
+              </tr>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody>
+              @for (d of notes(detail.receivedDenominations); track d.denominationValue) {
+                <tr>
+                  <td>
+                    <span class="pg-chip">₹{{ d.denominationValue }}</span>
+                  </td>
+                  <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: 600">{{ d.count }}</td>
+                  <td class="num">₹{{ d.totalAmount | number: '1.2-2' }}</td>
+                </tr>
+              }
+            </tbody>
+            <tfoot>
+              <tr class="detail-denom-total">
+                <td><strong>Subtotal</strong></td>
+                <td style="text-align: center">
+                  <strong>{{ totalCount(notes(detail.receivedDenominations)) }}</strong>
+                </td>
+                <td class="num">
+                  <strong>₹{{ subtotal(notes(detail.receivedDenominations)) | number: '1.2-2' }}</strong>
+                </td>
+              </tr>
+            </tfoot>
+          </table>
+        }
+        @if (coins(detail.receivedDenominations).length > 0) {
+          <div class="detail-denom-kind-label">Coins</div>
+          <table class="pg-table detail-denom-table">
+            <thead>
+              <tr>
+                <th>Denomination</th>
+                <th style="text-align: center">Count</th>
+                <th class="num">Total</th>
+              </tr>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody>
+              @for (d of coins(detail.receivedDenominations); track d.denominationValue) {
+                <tr>
+                  <td>
+                    <span class="pg-chip pg-chip--coin">₹{{ d.denominationValue }}</span>
+                  </td>
+                  <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: 600">{{ d.count }}</td>
+                  <td class="num">₹{{ d.totalAmount | number: '1.2-2' }}</td>
+                </tr>
+              }
+            </tbody>
+            <tfoot>
+              <tr class="detail-denom-total">
+                <td><strong>Subtotal</strong></td>
+                <td style="text-align: center">
+                  <strong>{{ totalCount(coins(detail.receivedDenominations)) }}</strong>
+                </td>
+                <td class="num">
+                  <strong>₹{{ subtotal(coins(detail.receivedDenominations)) | number: '1.2-2' }}</strong>
+                </td>
+              </tr>
+            </tfoot>
+          </table>
+        }
+
+        <!-- GIVEN to customer -->
+        <div class="cx-dir-label cx-dir-label--given"><mat-icon>north</mat-icon> Given to Customer</div>
+        @if (notes(detail.givenDenominations).length > 0) {
+          <div class="detail-denom-kind-label">Notes</div>
+          <table class="pg-table detail-denom-table">
+            <thead>
+              <tr>
+                <th>Denomination</th>
+                <th style="text-align: center">Count</th>
+                <th class="num">Total</th>
+              </tr>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody>
+              @for (d of notes(detail.givenDenominations); track d.denominationValue) {
+                <tr>
+                  <td>
+                    <span class="pg-chip">₹{{ d.denominationValue }}</span>
+                  </td>
+                  <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: 600">{{ d.count }}</td>
+                  <td class="num">₹{{ d.totalAmount | number: '1.2-2' }}</td>
+                </tr>
+              }
+            </tbody>
+            <tfoot>
+              <tr class="detail-denom-total">
+                <td><strong>Subtotal</strong></td>
+                <td style="text-align: center">
+                  <strong>{{ totalCount(notes(detail.givenDenominations)) }}</strong>
+                </td>
+                <td class="num">
+                  <strong>₹{{ subtotal(notes(detail.givenDenominations)) | number: '1.2-2' }}</strong>
+                </td>
+              </tr>
+            </tfoot>
+          </table>
+        }
+        @if (coins(detail.givenDenominations).length > 0) {
+          <div class="detail-denom-kind-label">Coins</div>
+          <table class="pg-table detail-denom-table">
+            <thead>
+              <tr>
+                <th>Denomination</th>
+                <th style="text-align: center">Count</th>
+                <th class="num">Total</th>
+              </tr>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody>
+              @for (d of coins(detail.givenDenominations); track d.denominationValue) {
+                <tr>
+                  <td>
+                    <span class="pg-chip pg-chip--coin">₹{{ d.denominationValue }}</span>
+                  </td>
+                  <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: 600">{{ d.count }}</td>
+                  <td class="num">₹{{ d.totalAmount | number: '1.2-2' }}</td>
+                </tr>
+              }
+            </tbody>
+            <tfoot>
+              <tr class="detail-denom-total">
+                <td><strong>Subtotal</strong></td>
+                <td style="text-align: center">
+                  <strong>{{ totalCount(coins(detail.givenDenominations)) }}</strong>
+                </td>
+                <td class="num">
+                  <strong>₹{{ subtotal(coins(detail.givenDenominations)) | number: '1.2-2' }}</strong>
+                </td>
+              </tr>
+            </tfoot>
+          </table>
+        }
+
+        <!-- Grand total -->
+        <div class="detail-denom-grand-total">
+          <span>Grand Total</span>
+          <span>{{ totalCount(detail.receivedDenominations) }} notes/coins</span>
+          <span>₹{{ detail.row.amount | number: '1.2-2' }}</span>
+        </div>
       } @else {
         <!-- Notes -->
         @if (notes(detail.denominations).length > 0) {
diff --git a/src/app/cashier/cash-history/cash-history.component.scss b/src/app/cashier/cash-history/cash-history.component.scss
index a759dc8fe..1db02c17d 100644
--- a/src/app/cashier/cash-history/cash-history.component.scss
+++ b/src/app/cashier/cash-history/cash-history.component.scss
@@ -312,6 +312,38 @@
   border-color: #fcd34d;
 }
 
+// Cash exchange direction labels
+.cx-dir-label {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  margin: 8px 20px 4px;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
+
+  mat-icon {
+    font-size: 14px;
+    height: 14px;
+    width: 14px;
+  }
+
+  &--received {
+    background: #eff6ff;
+    color: #1d4ed8;
+    border: 1px solid #bfdbfe;
+  }
+
+  &--given {
+    background: #fef3c7;
+    color: #92400e;
+    border: 1px solid #fcd34d;
+  }
+}
+
 .pg-btn--danger {
   background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ef4444, #b91c1c);
   color: #fff;
diff --git a/src/app/cashier/cash-history/cash-history.component.ts b/src/app/cashier/cash-history/cash-history.component.ts
index cf1aaa7fd..40f291e78 100644
--- a/src/app/cashier/cash-history/cash-history.component.ts
+++ b/src/app/cashier/cash-history/cash-history.component.ts
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ interface TxnRow {
   reversedBy: number | null;
   reversedAt: string | null;
   reverseReason: string | null;
-  type: 'transfer' | 'settlement' | 'inter';
+  type: 'transfer' | 'settlement' | 'inter' | 'exchange';
 }
 
 interface DenomDetail {
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ interface DenomDetail {
 interface DetailView {
   row: TxnRow;
   denominations: DenomDetail[];
+  receivedDenominations: DenomDetail[];
+  givenDenominations: DenomDetail[];
   morningTotal: number;
   loading: boolean;
 }
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ export class CashHistoryComponent implements OnInit {
   transfers: TxnRow[] = [];
   settlements: TxnRow[] = [];
   interCashier: TxnRow[] = [];
+  exchanges: TxnRow[] = [];
   loading = false;
 
   private denomKindMap = new Map<number, 'note' | 'coin'>();
@@ -98,8 +101,9 @@ export class CashHistoryComponent implements OnInit {
     forkJoin({
       transfers: this.service.getCashTransfers().pipe(catchError(() => of([]))),
       settlements: this.service.getCashSettlements().pipe(catchError(() => of([]))),
-      inter: this.service.getInterCashierTransfers().pipe(catchError(() => of([])))
-    }).subscribe(({ transfers, settlements, inter }) => {
+      inter: this.service.getInterCashierTransfers().pipe(catchError(() => of([]))),
+      exchanges: this.service.getCashExchanges().pipe(catchError(() => of([])))
+    }).subscribe(({ transfers, settlements, inter, exchanges }) => {
       this.transfers = (transfers as any[]).map((t) => ({
         id: t.id,
         date: t.transferDate,
@@ -146,12 +150,34 @@ export class CashHistoryComponent implements OnInit {
         reverseReason: i.reverseReason ?? null,
         type: 'inter'
       }));
+      this.exchanges = (exchanges as any[]).map((e) => ({
+        id: e.id,
+        date: e.exchangeDate,
+        fromParty: e.accountNo ? `Account ${e.accountNo}` : 'Walk-in Customer',
+        toParty: e.performedByUsername || '—',
+        amount: e.exchangeAmount,
+        note: e.note,
+        isReversed: e.isReversed ?? false,
+        performedByUsername: e.performedByUsername,
+        createdAt: e.createdAt,
+        reversedBy: e.reversedBy ?? null,
+        reversedAt: e.reversedAt ?? null,
+        reverseReason: e.reverseReason ?? null,
+        type: 'exchange'
+      }));
       this.loading = false;
     });
   }
 
   viewDetail(row: TxnRow): void {
-    this.detail = { row, denominations: [], morningTotal: 0, loading: true };
+    this.detail = {
+      row,
+      denominations: [],
+      receivedDenominations: [],
+      givenDenominations: [],
+      morningTotal: 0,
+      loading: true
+    };
 
     if (row.type === 'settlement' && row.fromCashierId) {
       forkJoin({
@@ -180,18 +206,27 @@ export class CashHistoryComponent implements OnInit {
     let obs$;
     if (row.type === 'transfer') obs$ = this.service.getCashTransferById(row.id);
     else if (row.type === 'settlement') obs$ = this.service.getCashSettlementById(row.id);
+    else if (row.type === 'exchange') obs$ = this.service.getCashExchange(row.id);
     else obs$ = this.service.getInterCashierById(row.id);
 
     obs$.pipe(catchError(() => of(null))).subscribe((data: any) => {
       if (this.detail) {
-        this.detail.denominations = ((data?.details || []) as any[]).map((d: any) => ({
+        const mapDenom = (d: any): DenomDetail => ({
           denominationId: d.denominationId ?? null,
           denominationValue: d.denominationValue,
           kind: this.denomKindMap.get(d.denominationId) ?? (d.denominationValue <= 5 ? 'coin' : 'note'),
           morningCount: 0,
           count: d.count,
           totalAmount: d.totalAmount
-        }));
+        });
+        if (row.type === 'exchange') {
+          const all: any[] = data?.details || [];
+          this.detail.receivedDenominations = all.filter((d: any) => d.direction === 'RECEIVED').map(mapDenom);
+          this.detail.givenDenominations = all.filter((d: any) => d.direction === 'GIVEN').map(mapDenom);
+          this.detail.denominations = this.detail.receivedDenominations;
+        } else {
+          this.detail.denominations = (data?.details || []).map(mapDenom);
+        }
         this.detail.loading = false;
       }
     });
@@ -223,6 +258,7 @@ export class CashHistoryComponent implements OnInit {
     let obs$;
     if (type === 'transfer') obs$ = this.service.reverseCashTransfer(id, reason);
     else if (type === 'settlement') obs$ = this.service.reverseCashSettlement(id, reason);
+    else if (type === 'exchange') obs$ = this.service.reverseCashExchange(id, reason);
     else obs$ = this.service.reverseInterCashierTransfer(id, reason);
 
     obs$.pipe(catchError(() => of(null))).subscribe((res: any) => {
@@ -236,7 +272,10 @@ export class CashHistoryComponent implements OnInit {
   }
 
   typeLabel(type: string): string {
-    return type === 'transfer' ? 'Cash Transfer' : type === 'settlement' ? 'Cash Settlement' : 'Inter-Cashier Transfer';
+    if (type === 'transfer') return 'Cash Transfer';
+    if (type === 'settlement') return 'Cash Settlement';
+    if (type === 'exchange') return 'Cash Exchange';
+    return 'Inter-Cashier Transfer';
   }
 
   notes(denoms: DenomDetail[]): DenomDetail[] {
diff --git a/src/app/cashier/cashier-shared.scss b/src/app/cashier/cashier-shared.scss
index 3fc434cb8..f544f9a0f 100644
--- a/src/app/cashier/cashier-shared.scss
+++ b/src/app/cashier/cashier-shared.scss
@@ -373,3 +373,58 @@
     font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
   }
 }
+
+/* ── Cash Exchange section header ───────────────────────────────────── */
+.closing-exchange-head {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  gap: 10px;
+  padding: 12px 16px 10px;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
+  margin-bottom: 2px;
+
+  mat-icon {
+    color: #0f4f3c;
+    font-size: 22px;
+    height: 22px;
+    width: 22px;
+    margin-top: 2px;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+  }
+}
+
+.closing-exchange-title {
+  font-size: 14px;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  color: #1a1a1a;
+}
+
+.closing-exchange-sub {
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: #64748b;
+  margin-top: 2px;
+}
+
+// Excess Transaction Report — type badges
+.etr-badge {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  height: 22px;
+  padding: 0 8px;
+  border-radius: 5px;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+
+  &--savings {
+    background: #f0fdf4;
+    color: #15803d;
+    border: 1px solid #bbf7d0;
+  }
+
+  &--exchange {
+    background: #eff6ff;
+    color: #1d4ed8;
+    border: 1px solid #bfdbfe;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/app/cashier/cashier.service.ts b/src/app/cashier/cashier.service.ts
index 7a914d5af..e1be9b5c3 100644
--- a/src/app/cashier/cashier.service.ts
+++ b/src/app/cashier/cashier.service.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ export class CashierService {
   getCashExchange(id: number): Observable<any> {
     return this.http.get(`/cashexchange/${id}`);
   }
+  reverseCashExchange(id: number, reason: string): Observable<any> {
+    return this.http.post(`/cashexchange/${id}/reverse`, { reason });
+  }
 
   // ── Tellers / Cashiers ──
   getTellers(): Observable<any[]> {
diff --git a/src/app/cashier/closing-cash-report/closing-cash-report.component.html b/src/app/cashier/closing-cash-report/closing-cash-report.component.html
index 607d3662d..2576bf0e7 100644
--- a/src/app/cashier/closing-cash-report/closing-cash-report.component.html
+++ b/src/app/cashier/closing-cash-report/closing-cash-report.component.html
@@ -133,8 +133,109 @@
       </table>
     }
 
-    @if (loaded && rows.length === 0) {
+    @if (loaded && rows.length === 0 && exchangeRows.length === 0) {
       <div class="pg-empty">No cash denomination data for this date.</div>
     }
   </div>
+
+  <!-- Cash Exchange section — separate from deposits/withdrawals (net monetary = ₹0) -->
+  @if (exchangeRows.length > 0) {
+    <div class="pg-card">
+      <div class="closing-exchange-head">
+        <mat-icon>swap_horiz</mat-icon>
+        <div>
+          <div class="closing-exchange-title">Cash Exchanges</div>
+          <div class="closing-exchange-sub">Denomination swaps recorded on this date (net cash impact: ₹0.00)</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      @if (exchangeNoteRows.length > 0) {
+        <div class="pos-section-label">Notes</div>
+        <table class="pg-table">
+          <thead>
+            <tr>
+              <th>Denomination</th>
+              <th class="num col-in">Received Pcs</th>
+              <th class="num col-in">Received Amt</th>
+              <th class="num col-out">Given Pcs</th>
+              <th class="num col-out">Given Amt</th>
+              <th class="num col-net">Net Pcs</th>
+              <th class="num col-net">Net Amount</th>
+            </tr>
+          </thead>
+          <tbody>
+            @for (r of exchangeNoteRows; track r.denominationId) {
+              <tr>
+                <td>
+                  <span class="pg-chip">₹{{ r.denominationValue }}</span>
+                </td>
+                <td class="num col-in">{{ r.receivedCount }}</td>
+                <td class="num col-in">₹{{ r.receivedAmount | number: '1.2-2' }}</td>
+                <td class="num col-out">{{ r.givenCount }}</td>
+                <td class="num col-out">₹{{ r.givenAmount | number: '1.2-2' }}</td>
+                <td
+                  class="num col-net"
+                  [style.color]="r.netCount > 0 ? '#16a34a' : r.netCount < 0 ? '#dc2626' : '#94a3b8'"
+                >
+                  {{ r.netCount > 0 ? '+' : '' }}{{ r.netCount }}
+                </td>
+                <td
+                  class="num col-net"
+                  [style.color]="r.netCount > 0 ? '#16a34a' : r.netCount < 0 ? '#dc2626' : '#94a3b8'"
+                >
+                  {{ r.netCount >= 0 ? '' : '−' }}₹{{
+                    (r.netAmount < 0 ? -r.netAmount : r.netAmount) | number: '1.2-2'
+                  }}
+                </td>
+              </tr>
+            }
+          </tbody>
+        </table>
+      }
+
+      @if (exchangeCoinRows.length > 0) {
+        <div class="pos-section-label pos-section-label--coin">Coins</div>
+        <table class="pg-table">
+          <thead>
+            <tr>
+              <th>Denomination</th>
+              <th class="num col-in">Received Pcs</th>
+              <th class="num col-in">Received Amt</th>
+              <th class="num col-out">Given Pcs</th>
+              <th class="num col-out">Given Amt</th>
+              <th class="num col-net">Net Pcs</th>
+              <th class="num col-net">Net Amount</th>
+            </tr>
+          </thead>
+          <tbody>
+            @for (r of exchangeCoinRows; track r.denominationId) {
+              <tr>
+                <td>
+                  <span class="pg-chip pg-chip--coin">₹{{ r.denominationValue }}</span>
+                </td>
+                <td class="num col-in">{{ r.receivedCount }}</td>
+                <td class="num col-in">₹{{ r.receivedAmount | number: '1.2-2' }}</td>
+                <td class="num col-out">{{ r.givenCount }}</td>
+                <td class="num col-out">₹{{ r.givenAmount | number: '1.2-2' }}</td>
+                <td
+                  class="num col-net"
+                  [style.color]="r.netCount > 0 ? '#16a34a' : r.netCount < 0 ? '#dc2626' : '#94a3b8'"
+                >
+                  {{ r.netCount > 0 ? '+' : '' }}{{ r.netCount }}
+                </td>
+                <td
+                  class="num col-net"
+                  [style.color]="r.netCount > 0 ? '#16a34a' : r.netCount < 0 ? '#dc2626' : '#94a3b8'"
+                >
+                  {{ r.netCount >= 0 ? '' : '−' }}₹{{
+                    (r.netAmount < 0 ? -r.netAmount : r.netAmount) | number: '1.2-2'
+                  }}
+                </td>
+              </tr>
+            }
+          </tbody>
+        </table>
+      }
+    </div>
+  }
 </div>
diff --git a/src/app/cashier/closing-cash-report/closing-cash-report.component.ts b/src/app/cashier/closing-cash-report/closing-cash-report.component.ts
index 175710636..01a468490 100644
--- a/src/app/cashier/closing-cash-report/closing-cash-report.component.ts
+++ b/src/app/cashier/closing-cash-report/closing-cash-report.component.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ export class ClosingCashReportComponent implements OnInit {
 
   date = '';
   rows: any[] = [];
+  exchangeRows: any[] = [];
   depositTotal = 0;
   withdrawalTotal = 0;
   netTotal = 0;
@@ -41,6 +42,12 @@ export class ClosingCashReportComponent implements OnInit {
   get coinRows(): any[] {
     return this.rows.filter((r) => r.kind === 'coin');
   }
+  get exchangeNoteRows(): any[] {
+    return this.exchangeRows.filter((r) => r.kind !== 'coin');
+  }
+  get exchangeCoinRows(): any[] {
+    return this.exchangeRows.filter((r) => r.kind === 'coin');
+  }
 
   ngOnInit(): void {
     const d = new Date();
@@ -53,6 +60,7 @@ export class ClosingCashReportComponent implements OnInit {
     this.service.closingCashReport(this.date).subscribe({
       next: (res: any) => {
         this.rows = res?.rows || [];
+        this.exchangeRows = res?.exchangeRows || [];
         this.depositTotal = Number(res?.depositTotal || 0);
         this.withdrawalTotal = Number(res?.withdrawalTotal || 0);
         this.netTotal = Number(res?.netTotal || 0);
@@ -61,6 +69,7 @@ export class ClosingCashReportComponent implements OnInit {
       },
       error: () => {
         this.rows = [];
+        this.exchangeRows = [];
         this.depositTotal = 0;
         this.withdrawalTotal = 0;
         this.netTotal = 0;
diff --git a/src/app/cashier/currency-exchange-detail/currency-exchange-detail.component.html b/src/app/cashier/currency-exchange-detail/currency-exchange-detail.component.html
index 790f31737..69f80ffe3 100644
--- a/src/app/cashier/currency-exchange-detail/currency-exchange-detail.component.html
+++ b/src/app/cashier/currency-exchange-detail/currency-exchange-detail.component.html
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
     </a>
   </header>
 
+  @if (loading) {
+    <div class="pg-empty">Loading…</div>
+  }
+
   <div class="pg-card">
     <table class="pg-table">
       <thead>
diff --git a/src/app/cashier/excess-transaction-report/excess-transaction-report.component.html b/src/app/cashier/excess-transaction-report/excess-transaction-report.component.html
index 84270cd17..6615b1e79 100644
--- a/src/app/cashier/excess-transaction-report/excess-transaction-report.component.html
+++ b/src/app/cashier/excess-transaction-report/excess-transaction-report.component.html
@@ -36,26 +36,36 @@
     <table class="pg-table">
       <thead>
         <tr>
+          <th>Type</th>
           <th>Txn #</th>
           <th>Account No</th>
           <th>CIF</th>
           <th>Date</th>
           <th class="num">Amount</th>
+          <th>ID Proof</th>
         </tr>
       </thead>
       <tbody>
-        @for (r of rows; track r.txnId) {
+        @for (r of rows; track $index) {
           <tr>
+            <td>
+              @if (r.type === 'EXCHANGE') {
+                <span class="etr-badge etr-badge--exchange">Exchange</span>
+              } @else {
+                <span class="etr-badge etr-badge--savings">Txn</span>
+              }
+            </td>
             <td>{{ r.txnId }}</td>
             <td>{{ r.accountNo || '—' }}</td>
             <td>{{ r.cifNo || '—' }}</td>
             <td>{{ r.txnDate || '—' }}</td>
             <td class="num">₹{{ r.totalAmount | number: '1.2-2' }}</td>
+            <td>{{ r.idProof || '—' }}</td>
           </tr>
         }
         @if (loaded && rows.length === 0) {
           <tr>
-            <td colspan="5" class="pg-empty">No transactions at or above ₹{{ threshold | number }}.</td>
+            <td colspan="7" class="pg-empty">No transactions at or above ₹{{ threshold | number }}.</td>
           </tr>
         }
       </tbody>
diff --git a/src/app/current-accounts/current-account-actions/current-account-transactions/current-account-transactions.component.html b/src/app/current-accounts/current-account-actions/current-account-transactions/current-account-transactions.component.html
index d5bed2bd6..038c62eb4 100644
--- a/src/app/current-accounts/current-account-actions/current-account-transactions/current-account-transactions.component.html
+++ b/src/app/current-accounts/current-account-actions/current-account-transactions/current-account-transactions.component.html
@@ -326,6 +326,31 @@
           Use ₹{{ denominationTotal | number: '1.2-2' }} as Transaction Amount
         </button>
       </div>
+      <!-- Denomination overdraft warning (withdrawal only) -->
+      @if (transactionType.withdrawal && hasWithdrawalDenomOverdraft) {
+        <div class="sat__denom-warn">
+          <div class="sat__denom-warn-title">
+            <fa-icon icon="exclamation-triangle" class="sat__denom-warn-ico"></fa-icon>
+            <span>Insufficient denomination stock — cannot proceed</span>
+          </div>
+          <div class="sat__denom-warn-rows">
+            @for (item of withdrawalDenomOverdraft; track item.label) {
+              <div class="sat__denom-warn-row">
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-chip">{{ item.label }}</span>
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-stat"
+                  ><span class="sat__denom-warn-lbl">Need</span><strong>{{ item.requested }}</strong></span
+                >
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-dot">·</span>
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-stat"
+                  ><span class="sat__denom-warn-lbl">Available</span><strong>{{ item.available }}</strong></span
+                >
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-short">Short: {{ item.requested - item.available }}</span>
+              </div>
+            }
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      }
+
       <!-- Closing cash position -->
       @if (openingLoaded && openingDenoms.length > 0) {
         <div
@@ -486,7 +511,11 @@
             mat-flat-button
             type="submit"
             class="sat__submit"
-            [disabled]="!currentAccountTransactionForm.valid || (denominationTotal > 0 && !denominationMatchesForm)"
+            [disabled]="
+              !currentAccountTransactionForm.valid ||
+              (denominationTotal > 0 && !denominationMatchesForm) ||
+              hasWithdrawalDenomOverdraft
+            "
           >
             <fa-icon icon="check" class="m-r-6"></fa-icon>
             {{ 'labels.buttons.Submit' | translate }}
diff --git a/src/app/current-accounts/current-account-actions/current-account-transactions/current-account-transactions.component.scss b/src/app/current-accounts/current-account-actions/current-account-transactions/current-account-transactions.component.scss
index 84588d28c..9211b069a 100644
--- a/src/app/current-accounts/current-account-actions/current-account-transactions/current-account-transactions.component.scss
+++ b/src/app/current-accounts/current-account-actions/current-account-transactions/current-account-transactions.component.scss
@@ -1094,3 +1094,98 @@ $red: #b91c1c;
   font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
   color: #0d1b2a;
 }
+
+.sat__denom-warn {
+  margin: 8px 14px;
+  background: #fff5f5;
+  border: 1.5px solid #fca5a5;
+  border-left: 4px solid #ef4444;
+  border-radius: 10px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+
+  &-title {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 8px;
+    padding: 9px 14px;
+    font-size: 13px;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    color: #7f1d1d;
+    background: #fef2f2;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #fecaca;
+  }
+
+  &-ico {
+    color: #ef4444;
+    font-size: 14px;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+  }
+
+  &-rows {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    padding: 4px 0;
+  }
+
+  &-row {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 10px;
+    padding: 7px 14px;
+    font-size: 12.5px;
+    color: #7f1d1d;
+
+    &:not(:last-child) {
+      border-bottom: 1px dashed #fecaca;
+    }
+  }
+
+  &-chip {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    padding: 3px 10px;
+    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fee2e2, #fecaca);
+    border: 1px solid #fca5a5;
+    border-radius: 6px;
+    font-size: 12px;
+    font-weight: 800;
+    color: #991b1b;
+    min-width: 52px;
+    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
+  }
+
+  &-stat {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 4px;
+
+    strong {
+      font-weight: 800;
+      font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+    }
+  }
+
+  &-lbl {
+    font-size: 11px;
+    color: #b91c1c;
+    font-weight: 600;
+  }
+
+  &-dot {
+    color: #fca5a5;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    font-size: 14px;
+  }
+
+  &-short {
+    margin-left: auto;
+    padding: 2px 9px;
+    background: #fff;
+    border: 1.5px solid #f87171;
+    border-radius: 999px;
+    font-size: 11px;
+    font-weight: 800;
+    color: #b91c1c;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/app/current-accounts/current-account-actions/current-account-transactions/current-account-transactions.component.ts b/src/app/current-accounts/current-account-actions/current-account-transactions/current-account-transactions.component.ts
index d18a28fc4..413e198f5 100644
--- a/src/app/current-accounts/current-account-actions/current-account-transactions/current-account-transactions.component.ts
+++ b/src/app/current-accounts/current-account-actions/current-account-transactions/current-account-transactions.component.ts
@@ -389,6 +389,24 @@ export class CurrentAccountTransactionsComponent implements OnInit {
     return this.denominationTotal > 0 && formAmt === this.denominationTotal;
   }
 
+  get withdrawalDenomOverdraft(): Array<{ label: string; available: number; requested: number }> {
+    if (!this.transactionType.withdrawal || !this.openingLoaded || this.openingDenoms.length === 0) return [];
+    const openMap = new Map<string, number>();
+    for (const d of this.openingDenoms) {
+      openMap.set(`${d.kind}:${d.denominationValue}`, Number(d.count ?? 0));
+    }
+    return [
+      ...this.notes,
+      ...this.coins
+    ]
+      .map((d) => ({ label: d.label, available: openMap.get(this.denomKey(d)) ?? 0, requested: this.countFor(d) }))
+      .filter((item) => item.requested > 0 && item.requested > item.available);
+  }
+
+  get hasWithdrawalDenomOverdraft(): boolean {
+    return this.withdrawalDenomOverdraft.length > 0;
+  }
+
   applyDenominationTotal(): void {
     this.currentAccountTransactionForm.controls['transactionAmount'].setValue(this.denominationTotal);
     this.currentAccountTransactionForm.controls['transactionAmount'].markAsDirty();
diff --git a/src/app/deposits/fixed-deposits/fixed-deposits-account-actions/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction.component.html b/src/app/deposits/fixed-deposits/fixed-deposits-account-actions/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction.component.html
index 50b747955..ac9b16a5b 100644
--- a/src/app/deposits/fixed-deposits/fixed-deposits-account-actions/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction.component.html
+++ b/src/app/deposits/fixed-deposits/fixed-deposits-account-actions/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction.component.html
@@ -299,6 +299,31 @@
           Use ₹{{ denominationTotal | number: '1.2-2' }} as Transaction Amount
         </button>
       </div>
+      <!-- Denomination overdraft warning (withdrawal only) -->
+      @if (transactionType.withdrawal && hasWithdrawalDenomOverdraft) {
+        <div class="sat__denom-warn">
+          <div class="sat__denom-warn-title">
+            <fa-icon icon="exclamation-triangle" class="sat__denom-warn-ico"></fa-icon>
+            <span>Insufficient denomination stock — cannot proceed</span>
+          </div>
+          <div class="sat__denom-warn-rows">
+            @for (item of withdrawalDenomOverdraft; track item.label) {
+              <div class="sat__denom-warn-row">
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-chip">{{ item.label }}</span>
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-stat"
+                  ><span class="sat__denom-warn-lbl">Need</span><strong>{{ item.requested }}</strong></span
+                >
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-dot">·</span>
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-stat"
+                  ><span class="sat__denom-warn-lbl">Available</span><strong>{{ item.available }}</strong></span
+                >
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-short">Short: {{ item.requested - item.available }}</span>
+              </div>
+            }
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      }
+
       <!-- Closing cash position -->
       @if (openingLoaded && openingDenoms.length > 0) {
         <div
@@ -452,7 +477,11 @@
             mat-flat-button
             type="submit"
             class="sat__submit"
-            [disabled]="!accountTransactionForm.valid || (denominationTotal > 0 && !denominationMatchesForm)"
+            [disabled]="
+              !accountTransactionForm.valid ||
+              (denominationTotal > 0 && !denominationMatchesForm) ||
+              hasWithdrawalDenomOverdraft
+            "
           >
             <fa-icon icon="check" class="m-r-6"></fa-icon>
             {{ 'labels.buttons.Submit' | translate }}
diff --git a/src/app/deposits/fixed-deposits/fixed-deposits-account-actions/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction.component.scss b/src/app/deposits/fixed-deposits/fixed-deposits-account-actions/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction.component.scss
index 515771824..ca898f512 100644
--- a/src/app/deposits/fixed-deposits/fixed-deposits-account-actions/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction.component.scss
+++ b/src/app/deposits/fixed-deposits/fixed-deposits-account-actions/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction.component.scss
@@ -1006,3 +1006,98 @@ $amber-d: #b45309;
   font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
   color: #0d1b2a;
 }
+
+.sat__denom-warn {
+  margin: 8px 14px;
+  background: #fff5f5;
+  border: 1.5px solid #fca5a5;
+  border-left: 4px solid #ef4444;
+  border-radius: 10px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+
+  &-title {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 8px;
+    padding: 9px 14px;
+    font-size: 13px;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    color: #7f1d1d;
+    background: #fef2f2;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #fecaca;
+  }
+
+  &-ico {
+    color: #ef4444;
+    font-size: 14px;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+  }
+
+  &-rows {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    padding: 4px 0;
+  }
+
+  &-row {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 10px;
+    padding: 7px 14px;
+    font-size: 12.5px;
+    color: #7f1d1d;
+
+    &:not(:last-child) {
+      border-bottom: 1px dashed #fecaca;
+    }
+  }
+
+  &-chip {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    padding: 3px 10px;
+    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fee2e2, #fecaca);
+    border: 1px solid #fca5a5;
+    border-radius: 6px;
+    font-size: 12px;
+    font-weight: 800;
+    color: #991b1b;
+    min-width: 52px;
+    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
+  }
+
+  &-stat {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 4px;
+
+    strong {
+      font-weight: 800;
+      font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+    }
+  }
+
+  &-lbl {
+    font-size: 11px;
+    color: #b91c1c;
+    font-weight: 600;
+  }
+
+  &-dot {
+    color: #fca5a5;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    font-size: 14px;
+  }
+
+  &-short {
+    margin-left: auto;
+    padding: 2px 9px;
+    background: #fff;
+    border: 1.5px solid #f87171;
+    border-radius: 999px;
+    font-size: 11px;
+    font-weight: 800;
+    color: #b91c1c;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/app/deposits/fixed-deposits/fixed-deposits-account-actions/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction.component.ts b/src/app/deposits/fixed-deposits/fixed-deposits-account-actions/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction.component.ts
index 6ae14b86b..79538fd5b 100644
--- a/src/app/deposits/fixed-deposits/fixed-deposits-account-actions/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction.component.ts
+++ b/src/app/deposits/fixed-deposits/fixed-deposits-account-actions/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction/fixed-deposits-cash-transaction.component.ts
@@ -312,6 +312,24 @@ export class FixedDepositsCashTransactionComponent implements OnInit {
     return this.denominationTotal > 0 && formAmt === this.denominationTotal;
   }
 
+  get withdrawalDenomOverdraft(): Array<{ label: string; available: number; requested: number }> {
+    if (!this.transactionType.withdrawal || !this.openingLoaded || this.openingDenoms.length === 0) return [];
+    const openMap = new Map<string, number>();
+    for (const d of this.openingDenoms) {
+      openMap.set(`${d.kind}:${d.denominationValue}`, Number(d.count ?? 0));
+    }
+    return [
+      ...this.notes,
+      ...this.coins
+    ]
+      .map((d) => ({ label: d.label, available: openMap.get(this.denomKey(d)) ?? 0, requested: this.countFor(d) }))
+      .filter((item) => item.requested > 0 && item.requested > item.available);
+  }
+
+  get hasWithdrawalDenomOverdraft(): boolean {
+    return this.withdrawalDenomOverdraft.length > 0;
+  }
+
   applyDenominationTotal(): void {
     this.accountTransactionForm.controls['transactionAmount'].setValue(this.denominationTotal);
     this.accountTransactionForm.controls['transactionAmount'].markAsDirty();
diff --git a/src/app/deposits/recurring-deposits/recurring-deposits-account-actions/deposit-recurring-deposits-account/deposit-recurring-deposits-account.component.html b/src/app/deposits/recurring-deposits/recurring-deposits-account-actions/deposit-recurring-deposits-account/deposit-recurring-deposits-account.component.html
index 6787d4a0a..3f4c8da95 100644
--- a/src/app/deposits/recurring-deposits/recurring-deposits-account-actions/deposit-recurring-deposits-account/deposit-recurring-deposits-account.component.html
+++ b/src/app/deposits/recurring-deposits/recurring-deposits-account-actions/deposit-recurring-deposits-account/deposit-recurring-deposits-account.component.html
@@ -299,6 +299,31 @@
           Use ₹{{ denominationTotal | number: '1.2-2' }} as Transaction Amount
         </button>
       </div>
+      <!-- Denomination overdraft warning (withdrawal only) -->
+      @if (transactionType.withdrawal && hasWithdrawalDenomOverdraft) {
+        <div class="sat__denom-warn">
+          <div class="sat__denom-warn-title">
+            <fa-icon icon="exclamation-triangle" class="sat__denom-warn-ico"></fa-icon>
+            <span>Insufficient denomination stock — cannot proceed</span>
+          </div>
+          <div class="sat__denom-warn-rows">
+            @for (item of withdrawalDenomOverdraft; track item.label) {
+              <div class="sat__denom-warn-row">
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-chip">{{ item.label }}</span>
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-stat"
+                  ><span class="sat__denom-warn-lbl">Need</span><strong>{{ item.requested }}</strong></span
+                >
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-dot">·</span>
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-stat"
+                  ><span class="sat__denom-warn-lbl">Available</span><strong>{{ item.available }}</strong></span
+                >
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-short">Short: {{ item.requested - item.available }}</span>
+              </div>
+            }
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      }
+
       <!-- Closing cash position -->
       @if (openingLoaded && openingDenoms.length > 0) {
         <div
@@ -458,7 +483,11 @@
             mat-flat-button
             type="submit"
             class="sat__submit"
-            [disabled]="!depositRecurringDepositForm.valid || (denominationTotal > 0 && !denominationMatchesForm)"
+            [disabled]="
+              !depositRecurringDepositForm.valid ||
+              (denominationTotal > 0 && !denominationMatchesForm) ||
+              hasWithdrawalDenomOverdraft
+            "
           >
             <fa-icon icon="check" class="m-r-6"></fa-icon>
             {{ 'labels.buttons.Submit' | translate }}
diff --git a/src/app/deposits/recurring-deposits/recurring-deposits-account-actions/deposit-recurring-deposits-account/deposit-recurring-deposits-account.component.scss b/src/app/deposits/recurring-deposits/recurring-deposits-account-actions/deposit-recurring-deposits-account/deposit-recurring-deposits-account.component.scss
index 515771824..ca898f512 100644
--- a/src/app/deposits/recurring-deposits/recurring-deposits-account-actions/deposit-recurring-deposits-account/deposit-recurring-deposits-account.component.scss
+++ b/src/app/deposits/recurring-deposits/recurring-deposits-account-actions/deposit-recurring-deposits-account/deposit-recurring-deposits-account.component.scss
@@ -1006,3 +1006,98 @@ $amber-d: #b45309;
   font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
   color: #0d1b2a;
 }
+
+.sat__denom-warn {
+  margin: 8px 14px;
+  background: #fff5f5;
+  border: 1.5px solid #fca5a5;
+  border-left: 4px solid #ef4444;
+  border-radius: 10px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+
+  &-title {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 8px;
+    padding: 9px 14px;
+    font-size: 13px;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    color: #7f1d1d;
+    background: #fef2f2;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #fecaca;
+  }
+
+  &-ico {
+    color: #ef4444;
+    font-size: 14px;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+  }
+
+  &-rows {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    padding: 4px 0;
+  }
+
+  &-row {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 10px;
+    padding: 7px 14px;
+    font-size: 12.5px;
+    color: #7f1d1d;
+
+    &:not(:last-child) {
+      border-bottom: 1px dashed #fecaca;
+    }
+  }
+
+  &-chip {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    padding: 3px 10px;
+    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fee2e2, #fecaca);
+    border: 1px solid #fca5a5;
+    border-radius: 6px;
+    font-size: 12px;
+    font-weight: 800;
+    color: #991b1b;
+    min-width: 52px;
+    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
+  }
+
+  &-stat {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 4px;
+
+    strong {
+      font-weight: 800;
+      font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+    }
+  }
+
+  &-lbl {
+    font-size: 11px;
+    color: #b91c1c;
+    font-weight: 600;
+  }
+
+  &-dot {
+    color: #fca5a5;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    font-size: 14px;
+  }
+
+  &-short {
+    margin-left: auto;
+    padding: 2px 9px;
+    background: #fff;
+    border: 1.5px solid #f87171;
+    border-radius: 999px;
+    font-size: 11px;
+    font-weight: 800;
+    color: #b91c1c;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/app/deposits/recurring-deposits/recurring-deposits-account-actions/deposit-recurring-deposits-account/deposit-recurring-deposits-account.component.ts b/src/app/deposits/recurring-deposits/recurring-deposits-account-actions/deposit-recurring-deposits-account/deposit-recurring-deposits-account.component.ts
index 98b9c593c..9c48fa7ba 100644
--- a/src/app/deposits/recurring-deposits/recurring-deposits-account-actions/deposit-recurring-deposits-account/deposit-recurring-deposits-account.component.ts
+++ b/src/app/deposits/recurring-deposits/recurring-deposits-account-actions/deposit-recurring-deposits-account/deposit-recurring-deposits-account.component.ts
@@ -333,6 +333,24 @@ export class DepositRecurringDepositsAccountComponent implements OnInit {
     return this.denominationTotal > 0 && formAmt === this.denominationTotal;
   }
 
+  get withdrawalDenomOverdraft(): Array<{ label: string; available: number; requested: number }> {
+    if (!this.transactionType.withdrawal || !this.openingLoaded || this.openingDenoms.length === 0) return [];
+    const openMap = new Map<string, number>();
+    for (const d of this.openingDenoms) {
+      openMap.set(`${d.kind}:${d.denominationValue}`, Number(d.count ?? 0));
+    }
+    return [
+      ...this.notes,
+      ...this.coins
+    ]
+      .map((d) => ({ label: d.label, available: openMap.get(this.denomKey(d)) ?? 0, requested: this.countFor(d) }))
+      .filter((item) => item.requested > 0 && item.requested > item.available);
+  }
+
+  get hasWithdrawalDenomOverdraft(): boolean {
+    return this.withdrawalDenomOverdraft.length > 0;
+  }
+
   applyDenominationTotal(): void {
     this.depositRecurringDepositForm.controls['transactionAmount'].setValue(this.denominationTotal);
     this.depositRecurringDepositForm.controls['transactionAmount'].markAsDirty();
diff --git a/src/app/savings/saving-account-actions/savings-account-transactions/savings-account-transactions.component.html b/src/app/savings/saving-account-actions/savings-account-transactions/savings-account-transactions.component.html
index 793502a94..143c88ec1 100644
--- a/src/app/savings/saving-account-actions/savings-account-transactions/savings-account-transactions.component.html
+++ b/src/app/savings/saving-account-actions/savings-account-transactions/savings-account-transactions.component.html
@@ -326,6 +326,31 @@
           Use ₹{{ denominationTotal | number: '1.2-2' }} as Transaction Amount
         </button>
       </div>
+      <!-- Denomination overdraft warning (withdrawal only) -->
+      @if (transactionType.withdrawal && hasWithdrawalDenomOverdraft) {
+        <div class="sat__denom-warn">
+          <div class="sat__denom-warn-title">
+            <fa-icon icon="exclamation-triangle" class="sat__denom-warn-ico"></fa-icon>
+            <span>Insufficient denomination stock — cannot proceed</span>
+          </div>
+          <div class="sat__denom-warn-rows">
+            @for (item of withdrawalDenomOverdraft; track item.label) {
+              <div class="sat__denom-warn-row">
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-chip">{{ item.label }}</span>
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-stat"
+                  ><span class="sat__denom-warn-lbl">Need</span><strong>{{ item.requested }}</strong></span
+                >
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-dot">·</span>
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-stat"
+                  ><span class="sat__denom-warn-lbl">Available</span><strong>{{ item.available }}</strong></span
+                >
+                <span class="sat__denom-warn-short">Short: {{ item.requested - item.available }}</span>
+              </div>
+            }
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      }
+
       <!-- Closing cash position -->
       @if (openingLoaded && openingDenoms.length > 0) {
         <div
@@ -486,7 +511,11 @@
             mat-flat-button
             type="submit"
             class="sat__submit"
-            [disabled]="!savingAccountTransactionForm.valid || (denominationTotal > 0 && !denominationMatchesForm)"
+            [disabled]="
+              !savingAccountTransactionForm.valid ||
+              (denominationTotal > 0 && !denominationMatchesForm) ||
+              hasWithdrawalDenomOverdraft
+            "
           >
             <fa-icon icon="check" class="m-r-6"></fa-icon>
             {{ 'labels.buttons.Submit' | translate }}
diff --git a/src/app/savings/saving-account-actions/savings-account-transactions/savings-account-transactions.component.scss b/src/app/savings/saving-account-actions/savings-account-transactions/savings-account-transactions.component.scss
index afca13297..e6a0990b0 100644
--- a/src/app/savings/saving-account-actions/savings-account-transactions/savings-account-transactions.component.scss
+++ b/src/app/savings/saving-account-actions/savings-account-transactions/savings-account-transactions.component.scss
@@ -827,6 +827,103 @@ $red: #b91c1c;
   }
 }
 
+/* ─── Denomination overdraft warning (withdrawal) ─────────────────── */
+
+.sat__denom-warn {
+  margin: 8px 14px;
+  background: #fff5f5;
+  border: 1.5px solid #fca5a5;
+  border-left: 4px solid #ef4444;
+  border-radius: 10px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+
+  &-title {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 8px;
+    padding: 9px 14px;
+    font-size: 13px;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    color: #7f1d1d;
+    background: #fef2f2;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #fecaca;
+  }
+
+  &-ico {
+    color: #ef4444;
+    font-size: 14px;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+  }
+
+  &-rows {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    padding: 4px 0;
+  }
+
+  &-row {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 10px;
+    padding: 7px 14px;
+    font-size: 12.5px;
+    color: #7f1d1d;
+
+    &:not(:last-child) {
+      border-bottom: 1px dashed #fecaca;
+    }
+  }
+
+  &-chip {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    padding: 3px 10px;
+    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fee2e2, #fecaca);
+    border: 1px solid #fca5a5;
+    border-radius: 6px;
+    font-size: 12px;
+    font-weight: 800;
+    color: #991b1b;
+    min-width: 52px;
+    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
+  }
+
+  &-stat {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 4px;
+
+    strong {
+      font-weight: 800;
+      font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+    }
+  }
+
+  &-lbl {
+    font-size: 11px;
+    color: #b91c1c;
+    font-weight: 600;
+  }
+
+  &-dot {
+    color: #fca5a5;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    font-size: 14px;
+  }
+
+  &-short {
+    margin-left: auto;
+    padding: 2px 9px;
+    background: #fff;
+    border: 1.5px solid #f87171;
+    border-radius: 999px;
+    font-size: 11px;
+    font-weight: 800;
+    color: #b91c1c;
+  }
+}
+
 /* ─── Opening / Closing position cards ───────────────────────────── */
 .sat__pos-card {
   margin: 0 14px 12px;
diff --git a/src/app/savings/saving-account-actions/savings-account-transactions/savings-account-transactions.component.ts b/src/app/savings/saving-account-actions/savings-account-transactions/savings-account-transactions.component.ts
index ef84b5151..e1a1946d4 100644
--- a/src/app/savings/saving-account-actions/savings-account-transactions/savings-account-transactions.component.ts
+++ b/src/app/savings/saving-account-actions/savings-account-transactions/savings-account-transactions.component.ts
@@ -455,6 +455,25 @@ export class SavingsAccountTransactionsComponent implements OnInit {
     this.denominationCounts = {};
   }
 
+  /** Denominations where cashier is giving more than currently available (withdrawal only). */
+  get withdrawalDenomOverdraft(): Array<{ label: string; available: number; requested: number }> {
+    if (!this.transactionType.withdrawal || !this.openingLoaded || this.openingDenoms.length === 0) return [];
+    const openMap = new Map<string, number>();
+    for (const d of this.openingDenoms) {
+      openMap.set(`${d.kind}:${d.denominationValue}`, Number(d.count ?? 0));
+    }
+    return [
+      ...this.notes,
+      ...this.coins
+    ]
+      .map((d) => ({ label: d.label, available: openMap.get(this.denomKey(d)) ?? 0, requested: this.countFor(d) }))
+      .filter((item) => item.requested > 0 && item.requested > item.available);
+  }
+
+  get hasWithdrawalDenomOverdraft(): boolean {
+    return this.withdrawalDenomOverdraft.length > 0;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Open the identity-verify pop-up. Only meaningful for withdrawals
    * (where the cashier needs to match the customer at the counter