feat(tenants): personalise seeded user credentials for a brand-new tenant

Adds TenantInitialUserProvisioner: right after the very first Liquibase
migration of a tenant that was never on Flyway, renames the three
seeded users (ids 1-3, otherwise shipping as mifos/system/interopUser
with the public default password) to <tenantIdentifier>_admin/_system/
_interop, with a password from fineract.tenant.initial-user-password
or a built-in default. An existing (Flyway-era) tenant already has its
real users and is left untouched. Wired through TenantDatabaseUpgradeService
and its two test configurations.

Also fixes the two pooled interest-posting services' system-user
lookup, which read username = 'system' — now wrong since that username
is personalised per tenant — to find the seeded system user by its
fixed id (2) instead.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/infrastructure/core/service/migration/TenantDatabaseUpgradeService.java

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ public class TenantDatabaseUpgradeService implements InitializingBean {
     private final ExtendedSpringLiquibaseFactory liquibaseFactory;
     private final TenantDataSourceFactory tenantDataSourceFactory;
     private final Environment environment;
+    private final TenantInitialUserProvisioner initialUserProvisioner;
 
     // DO NOT REMOVE! Required for liquibase custom task initialization
     private final List<CustomTaskChange> customTaskChangesForDependencyInjection;
@@ -195,10 +196,15 @@ public class TenantDatabaseUpgradeService implements InitializingBean {
                 // configuration
                 // settings, and we should not use them to control the script order
                 if (databaseStateVerifier.isFirstLiquibaseMigration(tenantDataSource)) {
+                    // a Flyway-era database already has its real users; only a brand-new tenant gets the seeded ones
+                    final boolean brandNewTenant = !databaseStateVerifier.isFlywayPresent(tenantDataSource);
                     ExtendedSpringLiquibase liquibase = liquibaseFactory.create(tenantDataSource, TENANT_DB_CONTEXT,
                             CUSTOM_CHANGELOG_CONTEXT, INITIAL_SWITCH_CONTEXT, tenant.getTenantIdentifier());
                     applyInitialLiquibase(tenantDataSource, liquibase, tenant.getTenantIdentifier(),
                             (ds) -> !databaseStateVerifier.isTenantOnLatestUpgradableVersion(ds));
+                    if (brandNewTenant) {
+                        initialUserProvisioner.provision(tenantDataSource, tenant.getTenantIdentifier());
+                    }
                 }
                 SpringLiquibase tenantLiquibase = liquibaseFactory.create(tenantDataSource, TENANT_DB_CONTEXT, CUSTOM_CHANGELOG_CONTEXT,
                         tenant.getTenantIdentifier());

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/infrastructure/core/service/migration/TenantInitialUserProvisioner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.fineract.infrastructure.core.service.migration;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
+import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
+import org.springframework.security.crypto.factory.PasswordEncoderFactories;
+import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+
+/**
+ * Personalises the three users that the initial Liquibase data seeds into every brand-new tenant database (ids 1-3,
+ * which otherwise ship with the well-known {@code mifos} / {@code system} / {@code interopUser} usernames and the
+ * public default password).
+ *
+ * Runs only right after the very first migration of a tenant that was never on Flyway, so existing tenants are never
+ * touched. The seeded changeSet itself is deliberately left alone: editing it would change its Liquibase checksum and
+ * break validation on every tenant that already ran it.
+ *
+ * Usernames become {@code <tenantIdentifier>_admin}, {@code <tenantIdentifier>_system} and
+ * {@code <tenantIdentifier>_interop}. All three share one password: the value of
+ * {@code fineract.tenant.initial-user-password} (env {@code FINERACT_TENANT_INITIAL_USER_PASSWORD}) when set,
+ * otherwise {@link #DEFAULT_PASSWORD}.
+ */
+@Component
+@Slf4j
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public class TenantInitialUserProvisioner {
+
+    static final String PASSWORD_PROPERTY = "fineract.tenant.initial-user-password";
+
+    private static final long ADMIN_ID = 1L;
+    private static final long SYSTEM_ID = 2L;
+    private static final long INTEROP_ID = 3L;
+    // Meets the "strong" password policy (upper, lower, digit, special, no space, under 50 chars).
+    static final String DEFAULT_PASSWORD = "Cbs@Nexora#2026!Secure";
+
+    private final Environment environment;
+
+    public void provision(final DataSource dataSource, final String tenantIdentifier) {
+        final JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
+        final String prefix = usernamePrefix(tenantIdentifier);
+
+        final String configured = environment.getProperty(PASSWORD_PROPERTY);
+        final boolean overridden = configured != null && !configured.isBlank();
+        final String password = overridden ? configured : DEFAULT_PASSWORD;
+        final PasswordEncoder encoder = PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder();
+        final String encoded = encoder.encode(password);
+
+        update(jdbc, ADMIN_ID, prefix + "_admin", encoded);
+        update(jdbc, SYSTEM_ID, prefix + "_system", encoded);
+        update(jdbc, INTEROP_ID, prefix + "_interop", encoded);
+
+        log.warn("Tenant '{}' initial users created: {}_admin, {}_system, {}_interop (password: {}). Change it after first login.",
+                tenantIdentifier, prefix, prefix, prefix, overridden ? "from " + PASSWORD_PROPERTY : "built-in default");
+    }
+
+    private void update(final JdbcTemplate jdbc, final long id, final String username, final String encodedPassword) {
+        jdbc.update("UPDATE m_appuser SET username = ?, password = ?, last_time_password_updated = CURRENT_DATE WHERE id = ?", username,
+                encodedPassword, id);
+    }
+
+    static String usernamePrefix(final String tenantIdentifier) {
+        final String cleaned = tenantIdentifier.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).replaceAll("[^a-z0-9]+", "_").replaceAll("^_+|_+$", "");
+        return cleaned.isEmpty() ? "tenant" : cleaned;
+    }
+
+}

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/savings/dailyinterest/SavingsPooledInterestPostingService.java

@@ -424,8 +424,8 @@ public class SavingsPooledInterestPostingService {
      * columns are NOT NULL, so entries are stamped to the system account the scheduler uses.
      */
     private Long systemUserId() {
-        final List<Long> ids = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(
-                "SELECT id FROM m_appuser WHERE username = 'system' ORDER BY id LIMIT 1", Long.class);
+        // id 2 is the seeded system user; its username is per-tenant now, so it is found by id
+        final List<Long> ids = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("SELECT id FROM m_appuser WHERE id = 2", Long.class);
         return ids.isEmpty() ? 1L : ids.get(0);
     }
 

fineract-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/fineract/portfolio/savings/fdinterest/FixedDepositInterestPostingService.java

@@ -469,8 +469,8 @@ public class FixedDepositInterestPostingService {
      * scheduler's own postings always were.
      */
     private Long systemUserId() {
-        final List<Long> ids = this.jdbcTemplate.queryForList("SELECT id FROM m_appuser WHERE username = 'system' ORDER BY id LIMIT 1",
-                Long.class);
+        // id 2 is the seeded system user; its username is per-tenant now, so it is found by id
+        final List<Long> ids = this.jdbcTemplate.queryForList("SELECT id FROM m_appuser WHERE id = 2", Long.class);
         return ids.isEmpty() ? 1L : ids.get(0);
     }
 

fineract-provider/src/test/java/org/apache/fineract/TestConfiguration.java

@@ -159,7 +159,9 @@ public class TestConfiguration {
             FineractProperties fineractProperties, Environment environment,
             List<CustomTaskChange> customTaskChangesForDependencyInjection) {
         return new TenantDatabaseUpgradeService(tenantDetailsService, tenantDataSource, fineractProperties, tenantDatabaseStateVerifier,
-                liquibaseFactory, tenantDataSourceFactory, environment, customTaskChangesForDependencyInjection);
+                liquibaseFactory, tenantDataSourceFactory, environment,
+                new org.apache.fineract.infrastructure.core.service.migration.TenantInitialUserProvisioner(environment),
+                customTaskChangesForDependencyInjection);
     }
 
     /**

fineract-provider/src/test/java/org/apache/fineract/infrastructure/core/LiquibaseStepDefinitions.java

@@ -189,6 +189,8 @@ public class LiquibaseStepDefinitions implements En {
                 .willReturn(tenantLiquibase);
 
         tenantDatabaseUpgradeService = new TenantDatabaseUpgradeService(tenantDetailsService, tenantStoreDataSource, fineractProperties,
-                databaseStateVerifier, liquibaseFactory, tenantDataSourceFactory, environment, Arrays.asList(tenantPasswordEncryptor));
+                databaseStateVerifier, liquibaseFactory, tenantDataSourceFactory, environment,
+                new org.apache.fineract.infrastructure.core.service.migration.TenantInitialUserProvisioner(environment),
+                Arrays.asList(tenantPasswordEncryptor));
     }
 }